GENERAL INFORMATION
Nelcast Limited (“the Company”) is engaged in the manufacture of Iron Castings. The Company has manufacturing plants at Gudur and Pedapariya in Andhra Pradesh, and at Ponneri in Tamil Nadu. The Company is a public limited Company and is listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE).
BASIS OF PREPARATION
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act”), the Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Rules, 2015 and other relevant provisions of the Act.
The financial statements are prepared on historical cost convention, except in case of certain financial instruments which are recognised at fair value at the end of the reporting period and on an accrual basis as a going concern.
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.
The financial statements for the year ended 31st March 2024 were approved by the Board of Directors in their meeting held on 13th May 2024.
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Part I of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current, non-current classification of assets and liabilities.
1.A. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.1 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Freehold Land is carried at historical cost. All other items of Property, Plant and Equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost of acquisition of property, plant and equipment is net of duty or tax credit availed and includes purchase cost or its construction cost, inward freight and other expenses incidental to acquisition or installation and any cost directly attributable to bring the asset into the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended for its use. Cost of spares relating to specific item of an asset is capitalized. For major projects, interest and other costs incurred on / related to borrowings attributable to such projects / fixed assets during construction period and related pre-operative expenses are capitalized as part of the cost of respective assets. Cost of assets not ready to use before such date are disclosed under “Capital Work-in-Progress”.
The residual values, useful live and methods of depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Depreciation is provided using the Straight Line Method as per the useful lives of the assets at the rates prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
1.2 INVENTORIES
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is ascertained on weighted average basis. Cost includes cost of purchase, cost of conversion, and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
Raw materials, Stores and Spares of inventory are measured at weighted average cost. Work-InProgress and Finished Goods are valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. Loose Tools, Moulding Boxes and Patterns are measured at cost less amortized value on a straight line basis over its useful life.
1.3 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
Non-derivative Financial Instruments
(i) Financial assets carried at amortized cost
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortized cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
(ii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise
on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. The Company has made an irrevocable election for its investments which are classified as equity instruments to present the subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income based on its business model.
(iii) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories is subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.
(iv) Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest where the fair value differs from the Transaction Price. Where the fair value does not differ, materially, from Transaction Price, the financial liabilities are stated at transaction price only.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures. The counterparty for these contracts is generally a bank.
1.4 REVENUE RECOGNITION
Sale of Goods: The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of Iron Castings. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer. Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the probable consideration expected to be received in exchange for those products or services. Claims on the Company for price revision are accounted when facts and circumstances indicate that a price reduction is probable and the amount is can be reasonably estimated. The claims by the Company are recorded when it is accepted and it is reasonably certain that the amounts will be collected.
Interest Income: Interest Income is recognised on effective interest method taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Profit on sale of investments: Profit on sale of investments is recognised only at the time when the investments are realized.
Export benefits, incentives and licenses: Export incentives are recognised as income when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.
1.5 SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company is principally engaged only in the business of manufacture of Iron Castings and there are no other reportable segments. The geographical segments considered for disclosure based on location of its customers.
1.B. OTHER ACCOUNTING POLICIES:1.6 INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss.
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are amortized using the straight line method over a period based on management’s estimate of useful lives of such software or over the license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
1.7 USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities as of the Balance Sheet date, reported amount of revenue and expenses for the year and disclosure of contingent liabilities and contingent assets as of the date of Balance Sheet. The estimates and assumptions used in these financial statements are based on management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the financial statements. The actual amounts may differ from the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements and the difference between actual results and the estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known / materialise.
1.8 IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
All assets other than Inventories and Investments are reviewed for impairment, wherever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of those assets may not be fully recoverable, in such cases the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to its estimated recoverable amount and the amount of such impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
If at the Balance sheet date there is an indication that the previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, then such loss is reversed and the asset is restated to that effect.
1.9 INVESTMENTS
All Investments are carried at fair value. Investments, which at the inception, have been designated to be held for a long term capital appreciation, the changes in the fair value are considered through Other Comprehensive Income. All other investments are valued at fair value and the gains or losses being recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.
1.10 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
1.11 LEASES
The determination of whether an arrangement is or contains a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease. Lease where the Lessor retains substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership is classified as an operating lease. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight-line basis over the lease term.
1.12 CONTRIBUTED EQUITY
Equity Shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.
1.13 DIVIDEND
Final dividend on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividend are recorded as liability on the date of declaration by the Board.
1.14 GOVERNMENT GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES
Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.
1.15 FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTION Initial Recognition:
On initial recognition, all foreign currency transactions are recorded by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Subsequent Recognition:
As at the reporting date, non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. All monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are restated at the end of the accounting period. Exchange differences on restatement of all monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
1.16 BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale capitalized as part of the cost of an asset. Where specific borrowings are identified to assets, the Company uses the interest rates applicable to that specific borrowing as the capitalization rate. Where borrowings cannot be specifically identified to assets, the capitalization rate applied is the weighted average of the interest rates applicable to all borrowings of the Company.
All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
1.17 TAXES
Income tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. The tax rate and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantially enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provision where appropriate.
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxation authority.
1.18 EMPLOYEE BENEFITSa. Defined Contribution Plans
i) Provident Fund: The Company makes monthly Provident contributions at specified percentage of specified salary in accordance with the provisions of Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and the contributions are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
ii) Superannuation Fund: The Company makes annual Superannuation fund contributions to defined contribution plan, administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India, for qualifying employees. Under the Scheme, the Company is required to contribute a specified percentage of specified salary to fund the benefits. The contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
b. Defined Benefit Plan
Gratuity: The Company provides for Gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees as per the provisions of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The plan provides for a payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, an amount equivalent to fifteen days salary payable for each year of completed service subject to maximum amount as may be prescribed. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service, except in case of death while in employment in which case the legal heirs would receive the Gratuity.
The cost of providing benefits determined using the projected unit credit method, which actuarial valuation being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. The retirement benefit obligation recognised as expenditure represents the present value of defined benefit obligation as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. The Company makes contribution to Life Insurance Corporation of India to administer the fund. The changes in the actuarial assumptions are accounted through Other Comprehensive Income.
1.19 EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. There are no diluted earnings per share as there are no dilutive potential equity shares.
1.20 PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS
Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation. Current Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance Sheet date and are not discounted to its present value.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.
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