2. Material Accounting Policies
Statement of Compliance
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS), the
provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Companies Act"), as applicable and guidelines issued by the Securities
and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI"). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013
read with Rule3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and as amended.
The Company has adopted Ind AS from 1st April, 2017
Accounting policies have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements, except
for new accounting standards adopted by the Company.
Basis of Preparation
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with the historical cost convention, except for certain items
that are measured at fair values, as explained in the accounting policies.
Fair Value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or
estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company
takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability.
Fair Value Measurement
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgements,
estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the accounting policies and the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and
the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates
are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period; they are
recognised in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Operating Cycle
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating
cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 and Ind AS 1 - Presentation of
Financial Statements based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for
processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its
operating cycle.
Property, Plant and Equipment - Tangible Assets
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and
accumulated impairment, if any. For this purpose, cost includes deemed cost which represents the carrying value
of property, plant and equipment recognised as at 1st April, 2016 measured as per the previous GAAP.
The cost of PPE includes the purchase price (net of any trade discounts and rebates), import duties and other non¬
refundable taxes, inward freight, and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition
for its intended use. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are
capitalised in accordance with Ind AS 23 - Borrowing Costs, if any . All up gradation / enhancements are charged
off as revenue expenditure unless they bring similar significant additional benefits.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are
expected to arise from the continued use of asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item
of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Depreciation of these assets
commences when the assets are ready for their intended use which is generally on commissioning. Items of
property, plant and equipment are depreciated in a manner that amortizes the cost (or other amount substituted
for cost) of the assets after commissioning, less its residual value, over their useful lives as Specified in Schedule II
of the Companies Act, 2013 on a straight-line basis. Land is not depreciated.
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets that the Company controls and from which it expects future economic benefits are capitalised
upon acquisition and measured initially at cost comprising the purchase price (including import duties and non¬
refundable taxes) and directly attributable costs to prepare the asset for its intended use.
The carrying value of intangible assets includes deemed cost which represents the carrying value of intangible
assets recognised as at 1st April, 2016 measured as per the previous GAAP.
The useful life of an intangible asset is considered finite due to the likelihood of technical, technological
obsolescence (e.g., computer software, design, prototypes). Hence Intangible assets that have finite lives are
amortized over their estimated useful lives by the straight-line method unless it is practical to reliably determine
the pattern of benefits arising from the asset.
All intangible assets are tested for impairment. Amortization expenses and impairment losses and reversal of
impairment losses are taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Thus, after initial recognition, an intangible asset
is carried at its cost less accumulated amortization and / or impairment losses.
The useful lives of intangible assets are reviewed annually to determine if a reset of such useful life is required for
assets with finite lives.
Impairment of Assets
Impairment loss, if any, is provided to the extent, the carrying amount of assets or cash generating units exceed
their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset's fair value less cost to sale and its value in
use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of
an asset or cash generating unit and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Impairment losses recognised in
prior years are reversed when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised no longer exist or have
decreased. Such reversals are recognised as an increase in carrying amounts of assets to the extent that it does not
exceed the carrying amounts that would have been determined (net of amortization or depreciation) had no
impairment loss been recognised in previous years.
Inventories
Inventories comprise the followings:
a) Raw Materials: At lower of weighted average cost or net realisable value.
b) Work in progress: At lower of cost or net realisable value.
c) Finished Goods and Stock in trade: At lower of cost or net realisable value.
d) Stores and Spares, Packing: At lower of Weighted average cost or net realisable value
Foreign Currency Transactions
The financial statements of the Company are presented in Indian Rupee ("^"), which is the functional currency of
the Company and the presentation currency for the financial statements.
In preparing the financial statements, transactions in currencies other than the entity's functional currency are
recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period,
monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are re-translated at the rates prevailing at the end of the
reporting period. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are
retranslated at the rates prevailing on the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are
measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not translated.
Exchange differences arising on the re-translation or settlement of other monetary items are included in the
statement of profit and loss for the period.
Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures
Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are carried at cost less accumulated impairment, if any.
Financial Assets
Recognition: Financial assets include Investments, Trade receivables, Cash and cash equivalents, other balances
with bank and loans. Such assets are initially recognised at transaction price when the Company becomes party to
contractual obligations. The transaction price includes transaction costs unless the asset is being fair valued
through the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Classification: Management determines the classification of an asset at initial recognition depending on the
purpose for which the assets were acquired. The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on such
classification.
Financial assets are classified as those measured at:
(a) Amortised cost, where the financial assets are held solely for collection of cash flows arising from
payments of principal and / or interest.
(b) Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), where the financial assets are held not only for
collection of cash flows arising from payments of principal and interest but also from the sale of such
assets. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value, with unrealised gains and losses arising from
changes in the fair value being recognised in other comprehensive income.
(c) Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), where the assets are managed in accordance with an approved
investment strategy that triggers purchase and sale decisions based on the fair value of such assets. Such
assets are subsequently measured at fair value, with unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in
the fair value being recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.
Trade receivables, Cash and cash equivalents etc. are classified for measurement at amortised cost while
investments may fall under any of the aforesaid classes. However, in respect of particular investments in equity
instruments that would otherwise be measured at fair value through profit or loss, an irrevocable election at initial
recognition may be made to present subsequent changes in fair value through other comprehensive income.
Impairment: The Company assesses at each reporting date whether a financial asset (or a group of financial assets)
such as trade receivables, held at amortised cost and financial assets that are measured at fair value through other
comprehensive income are tested for impairment based on evidence or information that is available without
undue cost or effort. Expected credit losses are assessed and loss allowances recognised if the credit quality of the
financial asset has deteriorated significantly since initial recognition.
Financial Liabilities
Borrowings, trade payables and other financial liabilities are initially recognised at the value of the respective
contractual obligations. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Financial liabilities are derecognised
when the liability is extinguished, that is, when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled and on expiry.
Revenue
Revenue is measured at the transaction price that the Company receives or expects to receive as consideration for
—goods supplied and services rendered, net of returns and estimates of variable consideration such as discounts to
customers.
^Revenue from the sale of goods includes Excise and other duties which the Company pays as a principal, but
excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as Goods and service tax. Revenue from the sale of
goods is recognised when the company performs its obligations to its customers, which is mainly upon delivery,
the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and recovery of the consideration is probable.
Revenue from services is recognised in the periods in which the services are rendered to the customer except
otherwise stated.
Rental Income (exclusive of Taxes) from assets given on licence fee/rent is recognised on rendering of services to
tenants/Licensee.
Interest income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss using the effective interest method.
Employee Benefits
a) Short term employee benefits: All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering
the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages and short-term
compensated absences, the expected cost of ex-gratia, etc are recognised in the period in which the
employee renders the related services.
b) Post-employment benefits
(i) Defined Contribution Plan: Employee benefits in the form of Provident fund, employees state
insurance etc. are considered as defined contribution plan and the contributions are charged to
the statements of profit and loss for the year when the contributions to the respective funds are
due.
(ii) Defined Benefit Plan: Employee benefits in the form of gratuity and leave encashment are
considered as defined benefit plan and are provided for on the basis of an independent actuarial
valuation.
Taxes on Income
Taxes on income comprises of current taxes and deferred taxes. Current tax in the Statement of Profit and Loss is
provided as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period using tax rates and tax laws
enacted during the period along with the Income Computation and disclosure standards, together with any
adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the
amounts used for taxation purposes (tax base), at the tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted by
the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for the future tax consequences to the extent it is probable that future taxable
profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
Income tax, in so far as it relates to items disclosed under other comprehensive income or equity, are disclosed
separately under other comprehensive income or equity, as applicable.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and
liabilities and when the deferred tax balances related to the same taxation authority.
Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends
either to settle on net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
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