2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
2.01 Statement of Compliance:
These financial statements of the Company comprising of Balance Sheet, Statement of Profit and Loss, Statement of
changes in Equity and Cash Flow Statement together with the notes have been prepared in accordance with Indian
Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 ("Ind AS") as
amended by the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2016, The Companies (Indian Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2017 and other relevant provisions of the CompaniesAct, 2013.
2.02 Basis of Preparation and Presentation :
The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for defined benefit plans which are
measured atfairvalueattheendof each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or
estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes
in to account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into
account when pricing the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when
pricing the assets or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in
these financial statements is determined on such a basis, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value
but are not fair value, such as net realizable value in IndAS2orvalue in use in IndAS36.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1,2, or 3 based on
the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the
fair value measurements in its entirety, which are described as follows:
Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can
access atthe measurement date;
Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability,
eitherdirectlyorindirectly; and
Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The financial statements are presented in Indian currency (INR) which is the Company's functional and presentation
currency.
The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 26 May, 2025.
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's operating cycle and
other criteria set out in the Schedule III (Division II) to the CompaniesAct, 2013. Based on the nature of products and
the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the
Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current-non current classification of
assets and liabilities.
2.03 Revenue Recognition:
a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the following conditions are satisfied.
i) The Company has transferred the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods to the buyer which
generally coincides when the goods are despatched in accordance with the terms of sale;
ii) The Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with
ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;
iii) The amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
iv) It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company;
v) The costs incurred orto be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.
b) Export Incentive/ benefit have been recognised at the time of making the export sales and the same is valued on
estimated monetary benefits receivable there of. It is certain to receive the same.
c) Job work income is recognized, net of Goods and Service tax (GST), when related services are provided.
2.04 Other Income:
Interest income is recognised on accrual basis.
2.05 Purchases
Purchase including import purchases are recognized net of refundable duties and taxes at the time of receipt of
goods. Refundable duties and taxes on purchase of raw materials, other eligible inputs and capital goods are
adjusted against duties and taxes payable. The unadjusted credits of such duties and taxes are shown under the
head other current/ non-current assets.
2.06 Property, Plant and Equipment:
Property, plant and equipment is stated at acquisition cost inclusive of expenses directly attributable to acquisition of
such assets net of accumulated depreciation, refundable duties and taxes and accumulated impairment losses, if
any. Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as asset, as appropriate, only when
it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item
can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during
the period in which they are incurred.
Gains or Losses arising on retirement or disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the Statement of
Profit and Loss.
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on Written Down Value (WDV) method. The management's estimate of
useful lives are in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except the following items, where useful
life estimated on technical assessment, past trends and expected the useful life differ from provided in Schedule II of
the Companies Act, 2013. The useful life, residual value and the depreciation method are reviewed atleast at each
financial year end and adjusted prospectively.
The Mangement believes that the useful life as given above represents the period over which management expects
to use these assets.
Capital Work in Progress/ intangible assets under development are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related
incidental expenses and attributable borrowing costs.
2.07 Intangible Assets:
Intangible assets are stated at acquisition cost, net of accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses,
if any. Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. The amortisation
period and amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset
is significantly differentfrom previous estimates, the amortisation period is changed accordingly.
2.08 Impairment of assets:
Property, plant and equipment with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their
carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair
value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not
generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is
determined for the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of
the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit
and Loss.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset ora cash-generating unit is increased
to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the
carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash¬
generating unit) earlier.
2.09 Financial instruments:
1. Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets and/or financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes party to a contract
embodying the related financial instruments.All financial assets, financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value.
Transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than
financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from as the case
may be, the fair value of such assets or liabilities, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the
acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in
profit or loss.
2. Financial assets:
Classification and subsequent measurement of financial assets:
a) Classification of financial assets:
(i) The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
- those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit
or loss), and
- those measured at amortised cost.
(ii) The classification is done depending upon the Company's business model for managing the financial assets and
the contractual terms of the cash flows.
(iii) For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held.
(iv) The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets
changes.
b) Subsequent Measurement
(i) Debt instruments:
Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company's business model for managing the asset
and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Company
classifies its debt instruments:
(1) Financial assets at amortised cost
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held within a business
whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the
financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the
principal amount outstanding.
(2) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial
assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows that give
rise on specified dates to solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding and by
selling financial assets.
(3) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised
cost or fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly
attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately
recognised in profit or loss.
(ii) Equity instruments:
The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. There are two measurement categories
into which the Company classifies its equity instruments:
Investments in equity instruments at FVTPL:
Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial
recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income for equity instruments which
are not held for trading.
Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI:
On initial recognition, the Company can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to
present the subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income. This election is not permitted if the
equity investment is held for trading. These elected investments are initially measured at fair value plus transaction
costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value
recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the reserve for 'equity instruments through other
comprehensive income'. The cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss on disposal of
the investments.
c) Impairment of financial assets:
The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured
at amortised cost, lease receivables, trade receivables, other contractual rights to receive cash or other financial
asset. For trade receivables, the Company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected
credit losses. Further, for the purpose of measuring lifetime expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables, the
Company has used a practical expedient as permitted under Ind AS 109. This expected credit loss allowance is
computed based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for
forward-looking information.
d) Derecognition of financial assets:
Afinancial asset is primarily derecognised when:
1. the right to receive cash flows from the asset has expired, or
2. the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset; and
(a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or
(b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has
transferred control of the asset.
On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety (other than investments in equity instruments at FVOCI), the
differences between the carrying amounts measured at the date of derecognition and the consideration received is
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
3. Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Classification as debt orequity
Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the substance of the
contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Equity instruments
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all
of its liabilities. Equity instruments are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Repurchase of the Company's own equity instrument is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own
equity instruments.
Financial Liabilities
Classification and subsequent measurement
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings and derivative financial
instruments. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification as fair value through
Profit and loss or at amortized cost. All changes in fair value of financial liabilities classified as FVTPLare recognized
in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amortised cost category is applicable to loans and borrowings, trade and other
payables. After initial recognition the financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest
Rate method.
Derecognition
Afinancial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. Gains
and losses are recognized in profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognized.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and presented on net basis in the Balance Sheet when there is a
currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention either to settle on a net
basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
2.10 Inventories:
i) Raw materials have been valued at lower of cost or net realisable value based upon FIFO method except where the
material is specifically identifiable.
ii) Work in Progress has been valued on Cost of Raw-material and other direct costs depending upon the stage of
completion in general.
iii) Finished goods and trading stocks have been valued at lower of costs or net realisable value based upon FIFO
method except where the finished goods are specifically identifiable.
iv) Scraps, defectives and inferior production have been valued at net realisable value.
v) Stores, spares and consumables have been valued at lower of cost or net realisable value.
Cost/Rate considered above for valuation of inventory is exclusive of Cenvat, refundable CVD and GST component
and inclusive of other direct cost incurred for acquiring the respective material.
2.11 Foreign currencies:
Items included in the financial statements of the Company are recorded using the currency of the primary economic
environment (INR) in which the Company operates (the ‘functional currency').
2.12 Employee Benefits:
Retirement benefit costs and termination benefits:
Defined Contribution Plans
Payment to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognised as an expense when employees have
rendered service entitling them to the contributions.
Contributions to Provident Fund and Employees State Insurance Corporation, which are defined contribution plans,
are made as required by the statute and expensed in the Statement of profit and loss.
Defined Benefit Plans
For defined benefit retirement benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit
method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Remeasurement
comprising actuarial gains and losses and the effect of the changes to the return of plan assets (excluding net
interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive
income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in the other comprehensive income is reflected
immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. Past service cost is
recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying
the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the defined benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are
categorised as follows:
• service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and
settlements);
• net interest expense or income; and
• remeasurement
The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the line
item “Employee benefits expense”. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service cost.
The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the
Company's defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any
economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.
A liability for the termination benefit is recognized at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of
the termination benefit and when the entity recognizes any related restructuring costs.
Short-term and other long-term employee benefits:
Liabilities recognized in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the
benefits expected to be paid in exchange of related service.
Liabilities recognized in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at present value of the estimated
future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employee upto the
reporting date.
2.13 Finance Costs:
(a) Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset are
capitalised as a part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying
asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time (generally over twelve months) to get ready for
its intended use or sale.
(b) All other borrowing costs are recognised as expense in the period in which they are incurred.
2.14Taxation:
Income Tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
Current tax
Current tax is measured at the amount of tax expected to be payable on the taxable income for the year.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences.
Deferred tax assets including Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) are generally recognised for all taxable temporary
differences to the extent that is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible
temporary differences can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each
reporting period and reduced to the extent that is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to
allow all or part of the assets to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets relating to unabsorbed depreciation/business losses/losses under the head “capital gains” are
recognised and carried forward to the extent of available taxable temporary differences or where there is convincing
other evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised or
the deferred tax liability is settled.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the
manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of
its assets and liabilities.
Current Tax Assets and Current Tax Liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set-off the
recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and liability on a net basis. Deferred Tax Assets and
Deferred Tax Liability are offset when they relate to the same governing taxation laws.
Current and Deferred tax is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when it relates to items recognised in
other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive
income or directly in equity, respectively.
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