5A. Material Accounting Policies
The financial statements have been prepared using the material and other accounting policies and measurement
bases summarized below:
a) Revenue Recognition
Revenue from contract with customer is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products or services to
customers on complete satisfaction of performance obligations for an amount that reflects the consideration
which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. Revenue is measured based on
the transaction price which is the consideration, adjusted for discounts and other incentives, if any, as per
contracts with the customers. Revenue also excludes taxes or amounts collected from customers in its capacity as
agent. The specific recognition criteria from various stream of revenue is described below:
• Other Income
Company is involved in the franchisee model business, generating direct income from the franchisee outlets.
Further, company is also involved in maintaining vertical garden contracts.
• Dividends:
Revenue is recognised when the Company's right to receive the payment is established, which is generally
when shareholders approve the dividend.
• Interest Income:
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective
interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the
expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.
b) Impairment of Financial Assets:
In accordance with Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', the Company applies Expected Credit Loss ('ECL') model for
measurement and recognition of impairment loss for financial assets. ECL is the weighted-average of difference
between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash
flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original effective interest rate, with the respective
risks of default occurring as the weights. When estimating the cash flows, the Company is required to consider:
0 All contractual terms of the financial assets (including prepayment and extension) over the expected life of the
assets;
D Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual
terms.
0 Other Financial Assets: In respect of its other financial assets, the Company assesses if the credit risk on those
financial assets has increased significantly since initial recognition. If the credit risk has not increased significantly
since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to 12-month expected
credit losses, else at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.
When making this assessment, the Company uses the change in the risk of a default occurring over the expected
life of the financial asset. To make that assessment, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the
financial asset as at the balance sheet date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial asset as at the date
of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information, that is available without undue cost
or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition. The Company assumes that
the credit risk on a financial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the financial asset is
determined to have a low credit risk at the balance sheet date,
c) Taxation:
Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during
the year. Current and deferred taxes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to
items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and
deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
1. Current Tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to
the taxation authorities. Current income tax(including Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)) is measured at the amount
expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax
rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantially enacted, at the
reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside the
statement of profit and loss (either in other comprehensive income (OCI) or in equity). Management periodically
evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are
subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
2. Deferred Tax
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between
the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount, except when the deferred tax arises from the initial
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting
nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against
which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses
can be utilised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the
asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively
enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax includes MAT tax credit. The Company recognises tax credits in the nature of MAT credit as an asset
only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, i.e., the period for which tax credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the
Company recognises tax credits as an asset, the said asset is created by way of tax credit to the statement of profit
and loss. The Company reviews such tax credit asset at each reporting date to assess its recoverability.
5B Other Accounting Policies
The financial statements have been prepared using the material and other accounting policies and measurement
bases summarized below:
a. Current / Non-current Classification:
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating
cycle and other criteria set-out in the Act. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets
and non-current liabilities, as the case may be. The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets
for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents.
Any asset or liability is classified as current if it satisfies any of the following conditions:
i) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/ settled in the Company's normal operating cycle;
ii) The asset is intended for sale or consumption;
iii) The asset/liability is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
iv) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/ settled within twelve months afterthe reporting period;
v) The asset is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a
liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date;
vi) In the case of a liability, the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of
the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.
All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non¬
current assets and liabilities respectively.
For the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities, the Company has ascertained its
normal operating cycle as twelve months. This is based on the nature of services and the time between the
acquisition of assets or inventories for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents,
b. Financial Instruments:
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual
provisions of the financial instrument and are measured initially at fairvalue adjusted for transaction costs, except
for those carried at fair value through profit or loss which are measured initially at fair value. Subsequent
measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities is described below:
Non-derivative Financial Assets
Subsequent measurement
D Financial Assets carried at Amortized Cost
A financial asset is measured at the amortized cost, if both the following conditions are met:
a. The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual
cash flows; and
b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of
principal and interest ('SPPI') on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective
interest rate ('EIR') method.
D Investments in Equity Instruments of Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures
Investments in equity instruments of subsidiaries and joint ventures are accounted for at cost in accordance with
Ind AS 27 'Separate Financial Statements'.
Investments in equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at fair value through profit or loss
('FVTPL'). For all other equity instruments, the Company makes an irrevocable choice upon initial recognition, on
an instrument by instrument basis, to classify the same either as at fair value through other comprehensive income
('FVTOCI') or FVTPL. Amounts presented in other comprehensive income are not subsequently transferred to
profit or loss. However, the Company transfers the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Dividends on such
investments are recognized in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of
the investment.
D Debt Instruments
Debt instruments are initially measured at amortized cost, FVTOCI or FVTPL till de-recognition on the basis of:
i. the entity's business model for managing the financial assets; and
ii. the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
a. Measured at Amortized Cost
Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to
collect contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are subsequently measured
at amortized cost using the EIR method less impairment, if any. The amortization of EIR and loss arising from
impairment, if any, is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
b. Measured at Fair Value through other Comprehensive Income
Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both, selling financial
assets and collecting contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are
subsequently measured at FVTOCI. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income
('OCI'). Interest income measured using the EIR method and impairment losses, if any are recognized in the
Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. On de-recognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in
OCI is reclassified from the equity to ‘other income' in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
c. Measured at Fair Value through Profit or Loss
A financial asset not classified as either amortized cost or FVTOCI, is classified as FVTPL. Such financial assets
are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value, including interest income and dividend income, if
any, recognized as 'other income' in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
D Investments in Mutual Funds
Investments in mutual funds are measured at FVTPL.
De-recognition of financial assets
A financial asset is primarily de-recognized when the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have
expired or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.
Non-derivative Financial Liabilities
Subsequent measurement
Subsequent to initial recognition, all non-derivative financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the
effective interest method.
De-recognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability is de-recognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired.
When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or
the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de¬
recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying
amounts is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company holds derivative financial instruments in the form of future contracts to mitigate the risk of changes
in exchange rates on foreign currency exposure. The counterparty for these contracts are scheduled commercial
banks / regulated brokerage firms. Although these derivatives constitute hedges from an economic perspective,
they do not qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments' and consequently are
categorized as financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL. The resulting exchange gain or loss is included in
other income / expenses and attributable transaction costs are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit
and Loss when incurred.
Financial Guarantee Contracts
Financial guarantee contracts are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for
a loss it incurs because the specified party fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a
debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognized as a financial liability at the time the guarantee is
issued at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee.
Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of expected loss allowance determined as per
impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments' and the amount recognized less cumulative
amortization.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Standalone Balance Sheet
if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle
on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously,
c. Fair Value Measurement:
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each Standalone Balance Sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that
the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
0 In the principal market for the asset or liability; or
0 In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market forthe asset or
liability. The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when
pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic
benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset
in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data is available
to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the
fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement
as a whole:
Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly
or indirectly observable.
Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is
unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines
whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The Company's management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as
derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as
assets held for distribution in discontinued operations,
d. Employee Benefits:
Short Term Employee Benefits Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are
classified as short-term employee benefits and recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related
service. These are re-cognized at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that
service.
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