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Company Information

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SOFCOM SYSTEMS LTD.

30 March 2026 | 12:00

Industry >> IT Consulting & Software

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ISIN No INE499Q01012 BSE Code / NSE Code 538923 / SOFCOM Book Value (Rs.) 38.52 Face Value 10.00
Bookclosure 28/09/2025 52Week High 98 EPS 0.32 P/E 64.61
Market Cap. 50.20 Cr. 52Week Low 20 P/BV / Div Yield (%) 0.54 / 0.00 Market Lot 1.00
Security Type Other

ACCOUNTING POLICY

You can view the entire text of Accounting Policy of the company for the latest year.
Year End :2025-03 

3 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
a Basis of Preparation

These Standalone financial statements are prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act"), guidelines issued by the
Securities and Exchange Board of Indus (SEBI) and Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) under the historical cost convention on accrual basis except for certain
financial instruments which are measured at fair values, defined benefit liability/ (asset) which is recognized at the present value of defined benefit obligation
less fair value of plan assets. The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules,
2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting
standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use. The material accounting policy information used in preparation of the audited condensed
standalone interim financial statements have been discussed in the respective notes.

b Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with the recognition and measurement principles of Ind AS requires management of the
Company to make estimates and judgements that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent liabilities as at the date of
standalone financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses for the periods presented.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the
estimates are revised and future periods are affected.

The Company uses the following critical accounting estimates in preparation of its standalone financial statements
(0 Useful lives of property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment and Intangible Assets represent a significant proportion of the assets of the Group. Depreciation is derived after
determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of
Company's assets are determined by management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The
lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impart their life, such as changes in
technology.

(R) Provision for Income tax and deferred tax assets

The Company uses estimates and judgements based on the relevant rulings in the areas of allocation of revenue, costs, allowances and disallowances
which is exercised while determining the provision for Income tax. A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extern that it is probable that future taxable
profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilised. Accordingly, the Company exercises its
judgement to reassess the carrying amount of deferred tax assets at the end of each reporting period.

The Company has unrecognised deferred tax assets arising from brought forward tax losses and un absorbed depreciation. These deferred tax assets have
not been recognised in the financial statements due to the uncertainty regarding the availability of sufficient future taxable profits against which these
assets can be utilised. The Company assesses the recoverability of its deferred tax assets at each reporting period. Based on current projections and the
historic* performance, it is not considered probable that sufficient future taxable profits will be available within the foreseeable future to fully utilise
these tax losses and unabsorbed depreciation.

c Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment (including furniture, fixtures, vehicles, etc.) held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative
purposes, are stated In the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depredation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost of acquisition is inclusive of freight,
duties, taxes and other incidental expenses. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depredates
them separately based on their specific useful lives. Freehold land is not depredated.

Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net at impairment loss, if any. Cost includes items directly attributable to the construction or acquisition of the item
of property, plant and equipment, and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company1 s accounting policy. Such properties
are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depredation of these assets, on
the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land and properties under construction) less their residual values over
their useful lives, using the written down value method. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depredation method are reviewed at the end of each
reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

Depredation is charged on a pro rata basis at the written down value method over estimated economic useful lives of its property, plant and equipment
generally in accordance with that provided in the Schedule II to the Act as provided below and except in respect
at moulds and dies which are depredated
over their estimated useful life of 1 to 7 years, wherein, the life of the said assets has been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature
of the asset the estimated usage of the asset the operating conditions of the asset past history of replacement anticipated technological changes,
manufacturers warranties and maintenance support etc.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of
the asset Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss. The useful lives for various property, plant and equipment are given below:
• Based on technical equation, the Management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which the Management
expects to use these assets. Hence, the useful lives for these assets Is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the
Companies Act 2013.

d Leases

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant
judgement The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to
control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of
an identified asset the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract Involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the
economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the tease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a Right of use asset (*ROU*) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease
arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short term and
low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancelable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the
Company Is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease If the Company is reasonably certain not to
exercise that option. In assessing whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exerase an option to terminate
a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not
to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancelable period of a lease.

The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar
characteristics.

e Impairment

At the end of each reporting period, the Company assesses, whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired, if any such indication exists, the
recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value
less costs of disposal and value in use.

When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit
to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are abo allocated to individual cash
generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest Company of cashgenerating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can
be identified.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market
assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are
taken into account if no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation mode) is used.

the Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately tor each of the Company’s cash
generating unit (CGU).

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash
generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss. When an impairment loss subsequently
reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased
carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash
generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately In profit or loss.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is
an indention that the asset may be impaired. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash
flows have not been adjusted.

The books of accounts of the company doesn't carry any impairment of assets during the reporting period, hence this accounting standard does not have
financial impact on the financial statements of the company.

f Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial Instruments
also indude derivative contracts such as foreign currency forward contracts, cross currency interest rate swaps, interest rate swaps and currency options; and
embedded derivatives in the host contract

Financial Assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs
that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular
way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the company commits to purchase or sell the asset

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular
way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e.. the date that the company commits to purchase or sell the asset

classifications

The Company classifies its financial assets as subsequently measured at either amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)) or
fair value through Profit and loss Account (FVTPL) on the basis of either Company's business model for managing the financial assets or Contractual cash flow
characteristics of the financial assets.

Business modal assessment

The company makes an assessment of the objective of a business model in which an asset is held at an instrument level because this best reflects the way the
business is managed and information is provided to management.

Defat instruments at amortised cost

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost only if both of the following conditions are met:

- It is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash (lows.

- The contractual terms of the financial asset represent contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cast using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR)') method. Amortised cost
is calculated by taking into account arty discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the HR. The EIR amortisation is
included as finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from Impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.

Debt Instrument at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI))

Debt instruments with contractual cash flow characteristics that are solely payments of principal and interest and held in a business model whose objective is
achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets are classified to be measured at FVOCI.

Debt Instrument at fair value through profit end toss (FVTPL)

Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVOCI, is classified as at FVTPL

In addition, the company may elect to classify a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVOCI criteria, as at FVTPL However, such election
is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency referred to as 'accounting mismatch1).

Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the profit and loss.

Equity Instruments

All equity instruments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value and all changes in fair value are recorded in FVTPL On initial recognition an equity
investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value in OCI and fair value changes on the
instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of
investment However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. This election is made on an investment by-investment basis.

All other Financial Instruments are classified as measured at FVTPL
Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised [i.e. removed from
the company's balance sheet) when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

- The company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in Ml without
material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of
the asset, or (b) the company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the
asset.

When the company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what
extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset
nor transferred control of the asset the company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the company's continuing involvement. In that
case, the company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and
obligations that the company has retained.

Continuing Involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset Is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset
and the maximum amount of consideration that the company coted be required to repay.

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the carrying amount of the asset (or the carrying amount allocated to the portion of the asset
derecognised) and the sum of (i) the consideration received (including any new asset obtained less any new liability assigned) and (ii) any cumulative gain or
loss that had been recognised In OCI is recognised in profit or loss.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and at FVOCI.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in
the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk
has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant
increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity revert to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECI

lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument The 12 -month ECL is a
portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

With regard to trade receivable, the Company applies the simplified approach as permitted by Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments, which requires expected
lifetime losses to be recognised from the Initial recognition of the trade receivables.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, amortised cost, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of amortised cost, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial Liabilities measured at amortised cost

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the FIR method. Gains and losses are
recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The HR
amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss indude financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at
fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if
the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in
OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to P&L However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other
changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contract Issued by the Company is contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because, the
specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially
as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured
at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109. and the transaction amount recognised less
cumulative amortisation.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

The company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

Reclassification of financial assets

The company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial
assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change
in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The company's senior management
determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the company's operations. Such changes are
evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its
operations. If the company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the
immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including
impairment gains or losses) or interest

Offsetting of financial Instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the
recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

g investment Property

investment property is a property held to earn rentals and capital appreciation. Investment property is measured initially at cost. Including transaction costs.
Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured in accordance with Ind AS 16's requirements for cost model.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic
benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised In profit or loss
in the period of derecognition.

h Employee Benefits
(0 Poet-employment benefit plans

Contributions to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such
benefits.

For defined benefit schemes, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out
at each balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the statement of profit and loss for the period In which they occur. Past service
cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested, or amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the
benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised
past service cost and as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation Is limited to the present value of available
refunds and reductions In future contributions to the scheme.

(fij Other employee benefits

The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid In exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised during the
period when the employee renders the service. These benefits indude compensated absences such as paid annual leave, overseas social security
contributions and performance incentives.

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services
are recognised as an actuarially determined liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.

I Revenue recognition

The Company derives revenues primarily from IT services comprising software development and related services maintenance, consulting, licensing of
software products and platforms across the Company's core and digital offerings (together called as 'software-related Services'). Revenue from contracts
with customers is recognised when services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration entitled in exchange for services, the
Company is generally the principal as it typically controls the services before transferring them to the customer.

Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring distinct goods or services to a
customer as specified in the contract, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example taxes and Arties collected on behalf of the
government).

Consideration is generally due upon satisfaction of performance obligations and a receivable is recognised when it becomes unconditional.

J Employee benefits

Short term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has
a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

Accumulated compensated absences which are expected to be settled wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees
render the related service are treated as short-term benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that It
expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

Defined contribution plans

Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are expensed as the related service is provided.

Defined benefit plans

The company's net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that
employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligations is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation
results in a potential asset for the company, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future
refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. To calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any
applicable minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of
the asset ceiling (if any. excluding interest), are recognised immediately in Other Comprehensive Income. Net interest expense (income) on the net defined
liability (assets) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability (asset), to the net defined liability (asset) at the start of
the financial year after taking into account any changes as a result of contribution and benefit payments (hiring the year. Net interest expense and other
expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on
curtailment is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the
settlement occurs.

Other long-term employee benefits

The Company's net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their
service in the current and prior periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Re-measurements are recognised in profit or loss in the
period in which they arise.

k Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit before tax as reported in the statement of profit and loss
because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current
tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).
Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions
taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where
appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method or temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for
financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

(i) When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and.
at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

(ii) In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the
reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences wilt not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax
assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry
forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:

(i) When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that
Is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

(ii) In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets
are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be
available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).
Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that
sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised,
based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at
the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Current and deferred tax lor the year

Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in
equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

Tax expense for the period, comprising current tax and deferred tax. are included in the determination of the net profit or loss for the year. Current tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities In accordance with the taxation laws prevailing in the respective jurisdictions. Deferred tax
is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of
taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for ah taxable temporary deferences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all
deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary deferences
can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a
business combination or for transactions that give rise to equal taxable arid deductible temporary differences) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that
affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit In addition, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the
initial recognition of goodwill. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is
no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised,
based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax
liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting date, to
recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or toss, except when they relate to items
that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other
comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accoutring for the business
combination. Current tax assets and orient tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an
intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to
set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and where the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by
the same governing taxation laws.

I foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the Company's functional currency at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non¬
monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated Into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the
fair value was determined. Non monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the
date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences are generally recognised in profit or loss.

The gain or loss arising on translation of nonmonetary items measured at fair value Is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in
fair value of the item (l.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit
or loss, respectively).