B. Significant accounting policies
B.1. Basis of preparation
(i) Compliance with Ind AS
The company has prepared financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2024 in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act),Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other relevant provisions of the Act together with comparative period data as at and for the year ended March 31, 2024.
(ii) Historical cost convention
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:
Certain financial assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value.
(iii) Current versus non-current classification
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and services and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current vs. non-current classification of assets and liabilities.
B.2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies A. Revenue Recognition
(i) Sale of Goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when control of the goods aretransferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration entitled in exchange for those goods.
(ii) Sale of Services
Revenue from services rendered is recognized in the profit & loss as the underlying services are performed by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of performance obligations at the reporting period. Revenue is reported net of discounts and indirect taxes.
(iii) Interest Income
Interest Income from a Financial Assets is recognised using effective interest rate method.
(iv) Dividend Income
Dividend Income is recognised when the Company's right to receive the amount has been established which is generally when shareholder approves the dividend and it is probable that economic benefit associated with the dividend will flow to the company and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.
C. Inventories
Items of inventories of trading goods except quoted equity shares are measured at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any. Cost of inventories comprises of cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other overheads net of recoverable taxes incurred in bringing them to their respective present location and condition.The Company having inventory consisting Quoted Equity Shares, these are measured at Fair value since equity shares are covered under definition of Financial Assets as per Ind AS.
D. Tax Expenses
The tax expense for the period comprises current tax and deferred income tax. Tax is recognized in the statement of income except to the extent it relates to items directly recognized in equity or in other comprehensive income.
(i) Current Tax:
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities, based on tax rates and laws that are enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance sheet date.
(ii) Deferred Tax:
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference and the carry forward of unused tax credit and unused tax losses, if any, can be utilized.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The carrying amount of Deferred tax liabilities and assets are reviewed at the end of each reporting period.
(iii) Minimum Alternate Tax:
MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extend there is convincing evidence that company will pay higher than the computed under MAT, during the period that MAT is permitted to be set off under the Income Tax Act, 1961.
E. Impairment of assets
Assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Animpairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceed sits recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair valueless costs of disposal and value in use. Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered animpairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.
F. Cash and Cash Equivalents
For the purposes of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, in banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of change in value.
G. Trade Receivables
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment, if any.
H. Financial instruments
(i) Financial Assets
A. Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recoded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchase and sale of financial assets are recognised using trade date accounting.
B. Subsequent measurement
a) Financial assets carried at amortized cost (AC)
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
b) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A financial asset is measured at FVTOCI if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
c) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are measured at FVTPL.
C. Other Equity Investments
All other equity investments are measured at fair value, with value changes recognized for those equity investments for which the Company has elected to present the value changes in 'Other Comprehensive Income'.
D. Impairment of financial assets
The Company recognizes loss allowance using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognized is recognized as an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss.
(ii) Financial liabilities
A. Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognized at fair value and in case of loans, net of directly attributable cost. Fees of recurring nature are directly recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance cost.
B. Subsequent measurement
(i) Trade and other payables:
These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days of recognition. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
(ii) Loans and borrowings:
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the Effective Interest Rate(EIR) amortisation process. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to borrowings.
I. Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.
J. Property, plant, and equipment
(i) Recognition and measurement
Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost includes expenditures directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. General and specific borrowing costs directly attributable to the construction of a qualifying asset, if any, are capitalized as part of the cost.
(ii) Transition to Ind AS
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has decided to continue with the carrying value of all its property, plan and equipment recognised as at April 1, 2016 as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.
(iii) Depreciation
The Company depreciates property, plant and equipment on a Straight-line basis as per the useful lives prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The assets residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate and where appropriate.
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