b) MATERIAL SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1) Statement of compliance
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015. The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act”) read with Rule 3 of Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendments and rules issued thereafter. The Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?) and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs (' 00,000),except when otherwise indicated.
2) Basis of preparation and presentation
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into
account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 116, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1,2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
• Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
• Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
• Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The principal accounting policies are set out below.
3) Critical accounting judgements, key sources of estimation uncertainty and applicability of new accounting standards
a) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and notes thereto. The management believes that these estimates and assumptions are reasonable and prudent. However, future results could differ from these estimates and the differences between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in
which results are known / materialised. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future period.
This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is included in the relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.
b) Significant Estimates and judgements
The areas involving critical estimates or judgements are:
i) Fair valuation measurement & valuation process
Some of the Company’s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market- observable data to the extent it is available. Where Level 1 inputs are not available, the Company engages third party valuers, where required, to perform the valuation. Information about the valuation techniques and inputs used in determining the fair value of various assets, liabilities and share based payments are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
ii) Actuarial Valuation
The determination of Company’s liability towards defined benefit obligation to employees is made through independent actuarial valuation including determination of amounts to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and in other comprehensive income. Such valuation depend
upon assumptions determined after taking into account inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors such as supply and demand factors in the employment market. Information
about such valuation is provided in notes to the financial statements.
iii) Useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment & Intangible assets
As described in the significant accounting policies, the Company reviews the estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets at the end of each reporting period.
iv) Revenue Recognition
- The Company’s contracts with customers could include promises to render multiple services to a customer. The Company assesses the services promised in a contract and identifies distinct performance obligations in the contract. Identification of distinct performance obligation involves Judgement to determine the deliverables and the ability of the customer to benefit independently from such deliverables.
- Judgement is also applied to determine the principal and agent in the contracts with customers based on the substance of the arrangement read with the guidance provided in the standard.
- The Company uses judgement to determine standalone selling price of a performance obligation. The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on the basis of the relative standalone selling price of each distinct product or service promised in the contract. Where standalone selling price is not observable, the Company uses the expected cost plus margin approach to allocate the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation.
- The Company exercises judgement in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over a period of time.
v) Impairment of Financial and Non¬ Financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or Cash Generating Units (CGU’s) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. It is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or a group of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. The impairment provisions for Financial Assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected cash loss rates. The Company uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Group’s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward-looking estimates at the end of each reporting period. In case of non-financial assets Company estimates asset’s recoverable amount, which is higher of an asset’s or Cash Generating Units (CGU’s) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account, if no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
c) Standard Issue but not effective
On March 23, 2022 the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules 2022. The notification has resulted into amendments in the following existing accounting standards which are applicable from April 01,2022.
i. Ind AS 101 - First time adoption of Ind AS
ii. Ind AS 103 Business Combination
iii. Ind AS 109 Financial Instrument
iv. Ind AS 16 - Property , Plant and Equipment
v. Ind AS 37, Provisions , Contingent Liabilities and Contingent assets
vi. Ind AS 41 Agriculture
The Company is evaluating the impact of the above on its financial statements.
4) Revenue Recognition
The Company earns revenue primarily from sale of electronic goods, computer consumable and other support services. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and net of returns, allowances and rebates and goods and services tax.
Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. When there is uncertainty on ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved. The amount of revenue recognised depends on whether we act as an agent or as a principal. Certain arrangements with our clients are such that our responsibility is to arrange for a third party to provide a specified good or service to the client. In these cases we are acting as an agent as we do not control the relevant good or service before it is transferred to the client. When we act as an agent, the revenue recorded is the net amount retained. The Company acts as principal when we control the specified
good or service prior to transfer. When the Company acts as a principal, the revenue recorded is the gross amount billed.
In- Warranty Service
In respect of In-warranty service contracts, where performance obligation is satisfied at a point of time when the service is extended to the customer on behalf of the brand, revenue is recognised net of payments made to the brand after considering the rights and obligation of both the Company and the brand in specific to these contracts.
Out of Warranty Service In respect of Out of warranty service contracts, where performance obligation is satisfied at a point of time when the control of the goods sold is passed on to the customer and the service is received by the customer as per the terms and conditions stipulated by the brand, revenue is recognised net of payments made to the brand after considering the rights and obligation of both the Company and the brand in specific to these contracts. Service Contracts
In respect of service contracts, where performance obligation is satisfied over the period of time when the service is received by the customer as per the terms and conditions stipulated by the brand, transaction price which is the amount charged to customer is recognised on a time proportion basis over the period of time when the customer receives and accepts the service.
Sale of Goods
In respect of Sale of goods, where performance obligation is satisfied at a point of time when the control of the goods sold is passed on to the customer, revenue is recognised for the transaction price which is the invoice value charged to the customer. Sale of Goods- Institutions In respect of contracts with institutional customer where goods are sold with additional warranty period, performance obligation is satisfied at a point of time when the control of the goods sold is passed on to the customer for sale of goods and for the extended warranty service performance obligation is satisfied over the period of time when that particular service is received by the customer.
Both sale of goods and extended warranty service qualify to be separate performance obligation within the definition of the standard and the transaction price is allocated between the performance obligations proportionate to the standalone selling prices of the components.
In respect of sale of goods, revenue is recognised at the point in time when the control is transferred for the value allocated and in respect of extended warranty service revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis over the period of time when the customer receives and accepts the service. Extended Warranty Service
In respect of extended warranty service contracts, where performance obligation is satisfied over the period of time at the transaction price which is the amount charged to customer is recognised on a time proportion basis over the period of time when the customer receives and accepts the service.
5) Property, Plant and Equipment
Land and building held for use in the production or for administrative purposes, are stated in the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Free hold land is not depreciated.
Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land and properties under construction)
less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
The estimate useful life adopted by the Company are as follows:
Based on technical evaluation, the Management believes that the useful lives, as given above, best represent the period over which the Management expects to use these assets. Hence, the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013.
Capital work-in-progress: Projects under which plant, property and equipment are not yet ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss.
6) Intangible assets
a. Intangible assets acquired separately Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.
Amortisation is recognised on a straight¬ line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.
b. Derecognition of intangible assets
An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.
c. Useful lives of intangible assets Estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows:
7) Impairment of Tangible and Intangible assets At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash¬ generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss. When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
8) Inventories
Inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realisable value. The cost is calculated on weighted average method. Cost comprises expenditure incurred in normal course of business in brining such inventory to its present location and condition and includes where applicable, appropriate overheads based on the normal level of activity.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price less estimated cost for completion of sale.
Obsolete, slow moving and defective inventories are identified from time to time and where necessary, a provision is made for such inventories.
9) Employee benefits
(i) Short term Employee Benefits
A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries in the period the related service is rendered.
Liabilities recognised in respect of short¬ term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.
Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.
(ii) Retirement benefit costs and termination benefits
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered service entitling them to the contributions.
For defined benefit retirement benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period.
Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:
• Service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);
• net interest expense or income; and
• Remeasurement
The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in profit or loss in the line item ‘Employee benefits expense’.
Past service cost is recognised in profit or loss in the period of a plan amendment.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset.
Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.
Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company’s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.
Contributions paid/payable to defined contribution plans comprising of Superannuation (under a scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India) and Provident Funds for certain employees covered under the respective Schemes are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss each year.
A liability for a termination benefit is recognised at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of the termination benefit and when the entity recognises any related restructuring costs.
Gratuity for employees is covered under a Scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and contributions in respect of such scheme are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The liability as at the Balance Sheet date
is provided for based on the actuarial valuation carried out as at the end of the year.
10) Taxes on income
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred taxes.
Current tax:
The current tax payable is based on the taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from Profit before tax as reported in the statement of profit and loss account because of items of income or expenditure that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. Company computes current tax using tax rate that have been enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred Tax:
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Current and deferred tax for the year:
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss account, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively
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