KYC is one time exercise with a SEBI registered intermediary while dealing in securities markets (Broker/ DP/ Mutual Fund etc.). | No need to issue cheques by investors while subscribing to IPO. Just write the bank account number and sign in the application form to authorise your bank to make payment in case of allotment. No worries for refund as the money remains in investor's account.   |   Prevent unauthorized transactions in your account – Update your mobile numbers / email ids with your stock brokers. Receive information of your transactions directly from exchange on your mobile / email at the EOD | Filing Complaint on SCORES - QUICK & EASY a) Register on SCORES b) Mandatory details for filing complaints on SCORE - Name, PAN, Email, Address and Mob. no. c) Benefits - speedy redressal & Effective communication   |   BSE Prices delayed by 5 minutes...<< Prices as on May 19, 2026 - 3:59PM >>  ABB India 6338.1  [ -1.25% ]  ACC 1358.2  [ -0.08% ]  Ambuja Cements 432.7  [ 0.62% ]  Asian Paints 2601.15  [ -0.44% ]  Axis Bank 1238.6  [ 0.02% ]  Bajaj Auto 10230.1  [ 0.31% ]  Bank of Baroda 260.4  [ 0.12% ]  Bharti Airtel 1916  [ -1.14% ]  Bharat Heavy 401.4  [ 1.58% ]  Bharat Petroleum 286.05  [ 1.85% ]  Britannia Industries 5410.5  [ 0.62% ]  Cipla 1409.95  [ -1.17% ]  Coal India 456.7  [ -1.14% ]  Colgate Palm 2190.2  [ 1.74% ]  Dabur India 453.3  [ -0.73% ]  DLF 576.15  [ 0.51% ]  Dr. Reddy's Lab. 1329.2  [ -0.17% ]  GAIL (India) 156.55  [ -2.28% ]  Grasim Industries 2938  [ -0.19% ]  HCL Technologies 1184.5  [ 3.29% ]  HDFC Bank 764.7  [ -0.50% ]  Hero MotoCorp 5009.4  [ 1.08% ]  Hindustan Unilever 2238.1  [ -0.75% ]  Hindalco Industries 1048.5  [ -0.38% ]  ICICI Bank 1242.3  [ -0.69% ]  Indian Hotels Co. 655.5  [ 1.12% ]  IndusInd Bank 897.15  [ 0.53% ]  Infosys 1195.3  [ 4.63% ]  ITC 311.5  [ 0.44% ]  Jindal Steel 1228  [ -0.32% ]  Kotak Mahindra Bank 380.95  [ -2.74% ]  L&T 3927.3  [ 0.21% ]  Lupin 2288.5  [ 1.58% ]  Mahi. & Mahi 3106  [ 0.74% ]  Maruti Suzuki India 13002.5  [ -0.09% ]  MTNL 29.18  [ 1.78% ]  Nestle India 1432.4  [ 0.00% ]  NIIT 64.07  [ 3.66% ]  NMDC 89.18  [ -1.08% ]  NTPC 389.65  [ 0.53% ]  ONGC 296.35  [ -0.29% ]  Punj. NationlBak 101.25  [ 1.71% ]  Power Grid Corpn. 299  [ 0.86% ]  Reliance Industries 1326.8  [ -0.63% ]  SBI 950.35  [ 1.10% ]  Vedanta 334.85  [ 2.43% ]  Shipping Corpn. 339.55  [ -1.48% ]  Sun Pharmaceutical 1885  [ -1.06% ]  Tata Chemicals 737.45  [ 1.02% ]  Tata Consumer 1213  [ -1.45% ]  Tata Motors Passenge 361.9  [ 2.52% ]  Tata Steel 209.6  [ -0.12% ]  Tata Power Co. 416.1  [ 2.89% ]  Tata Consult. Serv. 2334.4  [ 2.20% ]  Tech Mahindra 1469.65  [ 2.74% ]  UltraTech Cement 11369  [ -1.57% ]  United Spirits 1305.4  [ -0.75% ]  Wipro 195.5  [ 1.72% ]  Zee Entertainment 87.75  [ 3.66% ]  

Company Information

Indian Indices

  • Loading....

Global Indices

  • Loading....

Forex

  • Loading....

USHA MARTIN EDUCATION & SOLUTIONS LTD.

19 May 2026 | 03:56

Industry >> Education - Coaching/Study Material/Others

Select Another Company

ISIN No INE240C01028 BSE Code / NSE Code 532398 / UMESLTD Book Value (Rs.) 5.60 Face Value 1.00
Bookclosure 11/09/2024 52Week High 7 EPS 0.12 P/E 40.05
Market Cap. 12.55 Cr. 52Week Low 4 P/BV / Div Yield (%) 0.85 / 0.00 Market Lot 1.00
Security Type Other

ACCOUNTING POLICY

You can view the entire text of Accounting Policy of the company for the latest year.
Year End :2025-03 

1 Company Information

Usha Martin Education and Solutions Limited was incorporated on August 1 8th, 1997 under Comapnies Act 1956 (No. 1 of 1956) and the company is limited by shares with CIN number: L31300WB1997PLC085210, listed on NSE (Registeration no: 532398) and BSE (Registration no: UMESLTD). The Company is domiciled in India having registered office at Godrej Waterside, Block DP-5, Tower-II ,U nit-1206, 12th floor, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091,West Bengal.

2 General information and statement of compliance with Ind AS

These standalone financial statements ('financial statements') of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS') specified under Section 133 of the Compa nies Act, 2013 ('the Act') and other relevant provisions of the Act. The Company has uniformly applied the accounting policies during the periods presented. The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?) which is also the functional currency of the Company.The financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2025 were authorized and approved for issue by the Board of Directors on 23 May 2025.

3 Basis of preparation

The financial statement have been prepared on going concern basis in accordance with accounting principals generally accepted in India. Further, the financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis except for certain financial assets and financial labilities and share based payments which are measured at fair values as explained in relevant accounting policies. Amount in the financial statement are presented in q thousand's, upto two decimals,unless otherwise stated.

(i) Basis of measurement:

The Financial Statements have been prepared on a historical cost convention on accrual basis, except certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value/amortized cost/discounted value as referred to in appropriate part of accounting policies.All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the company's operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule -III of Division - II to the Companies Act, 2013. The company has determined the operating cycle as 12 months based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of raw materials for processing and their realisation in Cash and Cash Equivalents.

(ii) Operating Cycle:

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle for the purpose of current non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

(a) Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

(b) Held primarily for the purpose of trading;

(c) Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(d) Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is treated as current when:

(a) It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;

(b) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

(c) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(d) There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

(iii) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, which is the Company's functional currency. All amounts have been rounded to the nearest ? thousands,unless otherwise indicated.

(iv) Use of estimates and judgments

The presentation of financial statements in conformity with IND AS requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date, reported amount of revenue and expenses for the year and disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying financial statements are based upon the managements' evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as at

the date of financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Revisions to accounting estimates, if any, are recognised in the year in which the estimates are revised and in any future years affected.

4A Recent accounting pronouncements issued but not made effective

Recent accounting pronouncements issued but not made effective Ministry of Corporate Affairs ('MCA') notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended 31 March 2025, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company

4B Application of new or amended standards

Following amendment of Ind AS-1, the concept of 'Significant Accounting Policies' has given way to 'Material Accounting Policies', the latter enjoins disclosure of only accounting policies in company specific context out of multiple options granted under Ind AS for such treatments. Pursuant to this the accounting policies have been divided into two parts: -

a) Material Accounting Policies

b) Other Accounting Policies

5A Material Accounting Policies

The financial statements have been prepared using the material and other accounting policies and measurement bases summarized below:

(a) Revenue recognition:

Revenue from business basically comprises of providing consultancy services which is recognized at the fulfillment of service contract and when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations. The performance obligations in contracts are considered as fulfilled in accordance with the terms agreed with the respective customers.

Interest income is recognized using effective interest method.

Dividend income is recognized at the time when the right to receive is established by the reporting date.

Other incomes have been recognized on accrual basis in the financial statements, except when there is uncertainty of collection.

(b) Property, Plant & equipment:

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. These tangible assets are held for use in consultancy services or for administrative purposes.

Cost comprises purchase cost, freight, duties, taxes and other expenses directly incidental to acquisition, bringing the asset to the location and installation including site restoration up to the time when the asset is ready for intended use. Such costs also include borrowing cost if the recognition criteria are met.

When a major inspection/repair occurs, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. Any remaining carrying amount of the cost of previous inspection/ repair is derecognized. All other repair and maintenance are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided over the useful lives of assets as specified in Schedule II to the Act except where the management, has estimated useful life of an asset supported by the technical assessment, external or internal, i.e., higher or lower from the indicative useful life given under Schedule II. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line

basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Description

Useful lives (upto)

Leasehold land

Over lease period

Building

60 years

Plant and machinery

15 years

Furniture and fixtures

10 years

Vehicles

8 years

Office equipment

10 years

The residual value and useful life is reviewed annually and any deviation is accounted for as a change in estimate. Components relevant to property, plant and equipment, where significant, are separately depreciated on straight line basis in terms of their life span assessed by technical evaluation in item specific context.

For new projects, all direct expenses and direct overheads (excluding services of non-exclusive nature provided by employees in Company's regular payroll are capitalized till the assets are ready for intended use.

During disposal of property, plant and equipment, any profit earned / loss sustained towards excess / shortfall of sale value visa-vis carrying cost of assets is accounted for in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

c) Intangible assets:

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost of acquisition. The cost comprises of purchase price and directly attributable costs of bringing the assets to its working condition for intended use. Intangible assets arising on acquisition of business are measured at fair value as at date of acquisition. In case of internally generated assets, measured at development cost subject to satisfaction of recognition criteria (identifiability, control and future economic benefit) in accordance with Ind AS 38 'Intangible Assets'.

Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

Amortization of intangible assets such as softwares is computed on a straight-line basis, at the rates representing estimated useful life of up to 5 years. The brands and trademarks acquired as part of business combinations normally have a remaining legal life of not exceeding ten years but is renewable every ten years at nominal cost and is well established.

(d) Impairment of financial assets:

In accordance with Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', the Company applies expected credit loss ('ECL') model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss for financial assets. ECL is the weighted-average of difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original effective interest rate, with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. When estimating the cash flows, the Company is required to consider:

All contractual terms of the financial assets (including prepayment and extension) over the expected life of the assets;

• Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms. Trade Receivables:

In respect of trade receivables, the Company applies the simplified approach of Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', which requires measurement of loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

Other financial assets:

In respect of its other financial assets, the Company assesses if the credit risk on those financial assets has increased significantly since initial recognition. If the credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses, else at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses. When making this assessment, the Company uses the change in the risk of a default occurring over the expected life of the financial asset. To make that assessment, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial asset as at the balance sheet date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial asset as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information, that is available without undue cost or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition. The Company assumes that the credit risk on a inancial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the financial asset is determined to have low credit risk at the balance sheet date.

(e) Taxes

Tax expense recognized in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss comprises the sum of deferred tax and current tax except the ones recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Current tax is determined as the tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year and is computed in accordance with relevant tax regulations. Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).

5B Other Accounting Policies

The financial statements have been prepared using the material and other accounting policies and measurement bases summarized below:

(a) Current / Non - Current classification:

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set-out in the Act. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and non-current liabilities, as the case may be.

(b) Impairment of non-financial assets:

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there is any indication based on internal / external factors, that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset or the cash generating unit (CGU) is estimated. If such recoverable amount of the asset or CGU to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount and the reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. If, at the reporting date, there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount. Impairment losses previously recognized are accordingly reversed in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. An asset is deemed impairable when recoverable value is less than its carrying cost and the difference between the two represents provisioning exigency.

(c) Financial instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument and are measured initially at fair value adjusted for transaction costs, except for those carried at fair value through profit or loss which are measured initially at fair value. Subsequent measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities is described below:

Non-derivative financial assets: Subsequent measurement Financial assets carried at amortized cost

A financial asset is measured at the amortized cost, if both the following conditions are met:

a. The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows; and

b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest ('SPPI') on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate ('EIR') method.

Investments in equity instruments of subsidiaries.

Investments in equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL'). For all other equity instruments, the Company makes an irrevocable choice upon initial recognition, on an instrument by instrument basis, to classify the same either as at fair value through other comprehensive income ('FVTOCI') or fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL'). Amounts presented in other comprehensive income are not subsequently transferred to profit or loss. However, the Company transfers the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Dividends on such investments are recognized in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost.

Debt instruments

Debt instruments are initially measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income ('FVTOCI') or fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL') till de-recognition on the basis of:

i. the entity's business model for managing the financial assets; and

ii. The contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

(d) Measured at amortized cost

Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method less impairment, if any. The amortization of EIR and loss arising from impairment, if any is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss

(e) Measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both, selling financial assets and collecting contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income ('OCI'). Interest income measured using the EIR method and impairment losses, if any are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. On de-recognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from the equity to 'other income' in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

(f) Measured at fair value through profit & loss

A financial asset not classified as either amortized cost or FVTOCI, is classified as FVTPL. Such financial assets are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value, including interest income and dividend income if any, recognized as 'other income' in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

De-recognition of financial assets

A financial asset is primarily de-recognized when the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.

Non- derivative financial liabilities Subsequent measurement

Subsequent to initial recognition, all non-derivative financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

De-recognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is de-recognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derivative financial instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments in the form of future contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposure. The counterparty for these contracts are scheduled commercial banks/regulated brokerage firms. Although these derivatives constitute hedges from an economic perspective, they do not qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments' and consequently are categorized as financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. The resulting exchange gain or loss is included in other income/expenses and attributable transaction costs are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified party fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognized as a financial liability at the time the guarantee is issued at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of expected loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments' and the amount recognized less cumulative amortization.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Standalone Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(g) Fair value of measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each Standalone Balance Sheet date.Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability; or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for whichsufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:Level

1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level

2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly

observable.Level

3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liability that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The company's management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measure at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for distribution in discontinued operations.

(h) Employee benefits:

Liabilities in respect of employee benefits to employees are provided for as follows:

• Current employee benefits

a. Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employees' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be incurred when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee dues payable in the Standalone Balance Sheet.

b. Employees' State Insurance ('ESI') is provided on the basis of actual liability accrued and paid to authorities.

c. The Company has adopted a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid / availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on nonaccumulating compensated absences is recognized in the period in which the absences occur.

d. Expense in respect of other short-term benefits is recognized on the basis of the amount paid or payable for the period during which services are rendered by the employee.

Post seperation employee benefit plan a. Defined benefit plan

Post separation benefits of Directors are accounted for on the basis of actuarial valuation as per Ind AS 19 'Employee Benefits'

Gratuity liability accounted for on the basis of actuarial valuation as per Ind AS 19 'Employee Benefits'. Liability recognized in the Standalone Balance Sheet in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of each reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method. The present value of defined benefit is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yield at the end of each reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximate to the terms of the related obligation. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

Contribution to Provident Fund as defined contribution scheme is made at the prescribed rates to the Provident Fund Commissioner and is charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss. There is no other obligation other than the contribution payable.Actuarial gain / loss pertaining to gratuity, post separation benefits and PF trust are accounted for as OCI. All remaining components of costs are accounted for in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. Refer Note:27

(i) Provisions, contingent liability and contingent assets:

• Provisions are recognized only when there is a present obligation, as a result of past events andwhen a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material.

• Contingent liability is disclosed for:a. Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control of the Company; orb. Present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made

. • Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed except when realization of income is virtually certain, related

asset is recognized.

(j) Foreign currency transaction and translations:

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the functional currency, by applying the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary items outstanding at the balancesheet date are converted to functional currency using the closing rate. Non-monetary items denominated in a foreign currency which are carried at historical cost are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on monetary items on settlement, or restatement as at reporting date, at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded, are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

(k) Operation segments:

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ('CODM') of the Company. The CODM is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments of the Company.

(l) Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the period attributed to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the effects of all potentially dilutive equity shares.

(m) Borrowing Cost:

Borrowing cost consists of interest and other costs incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds and also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the same. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition and/ or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalized during the period of time that is necessary to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(n) Cash & Cash equivalent:

For the purpose of the Standalone Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cheques in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with banks where the original maturity is three months or less and other short-term highly liquid investments net of outstanding bank overdrafts and cash credit facilities as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.

5C Significant management judgement in applying material and other accounting policies and estimates uncertainty:

The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires the management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities:

• Evaluation of indicators for impairment of assets:

The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires the management to make an assessment of several external and internal factors which could result in deterioration of recoverable amount of the assets.

• Recoverability of advances / receivables:

At each balance sheet date, based on historical default rates observed over expected life, the management assesses the expected credit losses on outstanding receivables and advances.

• Defined benefit obligation ('DBO'):

Management's estimate of the DBO is based on a number of underlying assumptions such as standard rates of inflation, mortality, discount rate and anticipation of future salary increases. Variation in these assumptions may significantly impact the DBO amount and the annual defined benefit expenses.

• Provisions:

At each balance sheet date basis the management judgment, changes in facts and legal aspects, the Company assesses the requirement of provisions against the outstanding contingent liabilities. However, the actual future outcome may be different from this judgement.

• Contingencies:

Contingent liabilities may arise from the ordinary course of business in relation to claims against the Company, (refer note 37). By their nature, contingencies will be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence, and potential quantum, of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgments by management and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.

• Fair value measurements:

Management applies valuation techniques to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active market quotes are not available) and share based payments. This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price the instrument. The Company engages third party valuers,where required, to perform the valuation. Information about the valuation techniques and inputs used in determining the fair value of various assets , liabilities and share based payments are disclosed in the notes to standalone financial statements.

• Useful lives of depreciable / amortizable assets:

Management reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable / amortizable assets at each reporting date, based on the expected utility of the assets. Uncertainties in these estimates relate to technical and economic obsolescence that may change the utility of assets.

6 Recent Pronouncements in IND AS notified effective from April 1st 2023

a) IND AS: 1 Presentation of Financial Statements

Ind AS 1 also requires entities to disclose, along with material accounting policy information or other notes, the judgements, apart from those involving estimations, that management has made in the process of applying the entity's accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.

b) IND AS: 12 Deferred Taxes

Paragraphs 15 and 24 of Ind AS 12, Income Taxes exempt an entity from recognising a deferred tax asset or liability in particular circumstances. Despite this exemption, at the date of transition to Ind AS, a first-time adopter shall recognise a deferred tax asset—to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilised—and a deferred tax liability for all deductible and taxable temporary differences associated with:

(a) right-of-use assets and lease liabilities; and

(b) decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities and the corresponding amounts recognised as part of the cost of the related asset."

c) Aforesaid amendment do not have material impact in the financial statements prepared for the current year.