1 Company Overview
Valor Estate Limited (formerly known as D B Realty Limited) (the “Company”) is engaged primarily in the business of real estate construction,
development and other related activities and hospitality business. The Company is public company domiciled in India and was incorporated
under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The Company was initially incorporated in 2007 as a Private Limited Company and
thereafter listed with National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange on February 24, 2010. The Company has its principal place of
business in Mumbai and its Registered Office is at 7th Floor, Resham Bhavan, Veer Nariman Road, Churchgate, Mumbai - 400 020. The
Company is jointly promoted by Mr. Vinod K. Goenka and Mr. Shahid Balwa.
With effect from March 8, 2024, name of the Company has been changed from D B Realty Limited to Valor Estate Limited, vide the ‘Certificate
of Incorporation pursuant to change of name' received from Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
The Company's standalone financial statements were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors on May
30, 2025 in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and are subject to the approval of the shareholders at the Annual
General Meeting.
2 Material Accounting Policies, Accounting Judgements , Estimates and Assumptions
(A) Material Accounting Policies
2.1 Basis of Preparation and Measurement
(a) Basis of preparation
These standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to
as the ‘Ind AS') as notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended.
The standalone financial statements have been prepared on accrual and going concern basis read with note 56 to the standalone financial
statements. The accounting policies are consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a
revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (“INR”), the functional currency of the Company and all values are
rounded to the nearest INR lacs, except when otherwise indicated. Items included in the standalone financial statements of the Company are
recorded using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (the ‘functional currency').
(b) Basis of measurement
These standalone financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial assets and liabilities
measured at fair value (refer accounting policy no. 2.13 regarding financial instruments). Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of
the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability
takes place either:
• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability,
assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the
asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair
value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the standalone financial statements are categorized within the fair
value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is material to the fair value measurement as a whole:
• Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
• Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is material to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly
observable.
• Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is material to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
2.2 Operating Cycle
An asset is considered as current when it is:
• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,
• Held primarily for the purpose of trading,
• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting
period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is considered as current when:
• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,
• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,
• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities as the case may be.
The Company's normal operating cycle in respect of operations relating to the construction of real estate projects may vary from project to
project depending upon the size of the project, type of development, project complexities and related approvals. Accordingly project related
assets and liabilities have been classified in to current and non current based on operating cycle of respective project . All other assets and
liabilities have been classified into current and non-current based on a period of twelve months.
2.3 Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at their cost of acquisition, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost
comprises of its purchase price, including import duties and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost for bringing
the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Subsequent expenditures relating to Property, plant and equipment are capitalised
only when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with this, will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured
reliably. Repair and maintenance cost are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any material part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic
benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the
net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit or Loss when the asset is derecognised.
Borrowing costs relating to acquisition / construction / development of tangible assets, which takes substantial period of time to get ready for
its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
When material components of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, recognition is made for such replacement
of components as individual assets with specific useful life and depreciation, if these components are initially recognised as separate asset.
All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss as incurred.
2.4 Capital Work in Progress and Capital Advances
Expenses incurred for acquisition of capital assets which have not been capitalized and in progress at each balance sheet date are disclosed
under capital work-in-progress. Advances given towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment are shown separately as capital
advances under the head Other Non-Current Assets or Other Current Assets based on the aging and expected capitalisation of the Capital
Work in Progress.
2.5 Depreciation
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on Straight Line Method in accordance with the provisions of Schedule II to the
Companies Act, 2013 except for depreciation on new sales office, which is considered as temporary structure and has been amortized over
a period of four years on a straight line basis which is different from the useful life indicated in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The
Management believes that the estimated useful lives for all the assets are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the
assets are likely to be used.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and
adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
2.6 Intangible Assets and amortisation thereof
The cost relating to Intangible assets, with finite useful lives, are capitalised and amortised on a straight line basis up to the period of three to
five years, is based on their estimated useful life.
An item of Intangible Asset is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any
gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of
the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortisation of Intangible Assets are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted
prospectively, if appropriate.
2.7 Impairment of Non Financial Assets
Carrying amount of tangible and intangible assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication
that those asset have suffered as impairment loss. These are treated as impaired when the carrying cost thereof exceeds its recoverable
value. Recoverable value is higher of the asset's net selling price or value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash
flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount
receivable from the sale of an asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the cost of disposal. An
impairment loss is charged for when an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is reversed
if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.
2.8 Investment Property
Investment property is property held to earn rentals and / or for capital appreciation and are measured initially at cost, including transaction
costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment
loss, if any.
Depreciation on Investment Property is provided on Straight Line Method basis in accordance with the provisions of Schedule II to the
Companies Act, 2013. The Management believes that the estimated useful life as per the provisions of Schedule II to the Companies Act,
2013, are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment property are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted
prospectively, if appropriate.
An item of investment property initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its
use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and
the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit or Loss when the asset is derecognised.
The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair value is determined by an independent valuer who holds a recognised
and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.
2.9 Non-Current assets held for sale
The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through sale rather than
through continuing use and the sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected within one
year from the date of classification. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate
sale in its present condition, subject to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will
genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:
i) The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,
ii) An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated,
iii) The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,
iv) The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and
v) Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that material changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be
withdrawn.
Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities
classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet. Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified
as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised. Gains and losses on disposals of such assets held for sale are determined by comparing
proceeds with carrying amounts, and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
2.10 Trade receivables
Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. If the receivable
is expected to be collected within a period of 12 months or less from the reporting date (or in the normal operating cycle of the business, if
longer), they are classified as current assets, otherwise as non-current assets.
Trade receivables are measured at their transaction price unless it contains a significant financing component or pricing adjustments
embedded in the contract.
Loss allowance for expected life time credit loss is recognised on initial recognition.
2.11 Inventories
Inventories comprise of: (i) Finished Realty Stock representing unsold premises in completed projects (ii) Project Work-In-Progress
representing properties under construction/development (iii) Raw Material representing inventory yet to be consumed and (iv) Transferable
Development Rights.
Inventories other than raw material are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Raw Materials are valued at weighted average
method. Project work in progress cost includes cost of land/ development rights, materials, services, depreciation on assets used for
project purposes and other expenses (including borrowing costs) attributable to the projects. It also includes any adjustment arising due to
foreseeable losses.
Cost of Realty construction / development is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in proportion to the revenue recognised during
the period and the balance cost is carried over under Inventory as part of either Project Work in Progress or Finished Realty Stock. Cost of
Realty construction / development includes all costs directly related to the Project and other overheads incidental to the projects undertaken
are incurred for the purpose of executing and securing the completion of the Project up to the date of receipt of Occupation Certificate of
Project from the relevant authorities.
2.12 Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of properties. The Company follow Ind AS 115 Revenue from Contract with Customers
which recognise the revenue when performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or services.
i) Revenue from real estate projects
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when a performance obligation is satisfied by transfer of promised goods or services
to a customer.
For performance obligation satisfied over time, the revenue recognition is done by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction
of performance obligation. The progress is measured in terms of a proportion of actual cost incurred to-date, to the total estimated cost
attributable to the performance obligation.
An entity transfers control of a good or service over time and, therefore, satisfies a performance obligation and recognises revenue over
time if one of the following criteria is met :
(i) the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the entity's performance as the entity performs;
(ii) the entity's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or
(iii) the entity's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the entity and the entity has an enforceable right to
payment for performance completed to date.
In all other cases, performance obligation is considered as satisfied at a point in time.
The revenue is recognised to the extent of transaction price allocated to the performance obligation satisfied. Transaction price is the
amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer excluding
amounts collected on behalf of a third party.
Costs to obtain a contract which are incurred regardless of whether the contract was obtained are charged-off in profit or loss immediately
in the period in which such costs are incurred. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract, if any, and costs incurred to fulfil a contract are
amortised over the period of execution of the contract in proportion to the progress measured in terms of a proportion of actual cost incurred
to-date, to the total estimated cost attributable to the performance obligation.
Impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss to the extent the carrying amount of the contract asset exceeds the remaining amount of
consideration that the Company expects to receive towards remaining performance obligations (after deducting the costs that relate directly
to fulfil such remaining performance obligations). The Company recognises impairment loss on account of credit risk in respect of a contract
asset using expected credit loss model on similar basis as applicable to trade receivables.
(ii) Revenue from lease rental income
Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the lease term, unless there is another systematic
basis which is more representative of the time pattern of the lease.
(iii) Management Fees
Management fees in respect of corporate cost related to subsidiaries are recovered as per agreed terms as and when services are rendered.
(iv) Interest Income
For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is measured using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR).
(v) Income from Investment in Partnership Firms & Limited Liability Partnership (LLP), Association of Persons (AOPs)
Share of profit/loss in Partnership firms ,LLP and AOPs is recognized when the right to receive is established as per agreement/agreed
terms between all the partners/members.
2.13 Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another
entity.
(i) Financial Assets
Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss,
transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in three categories:
• Financial assets at amortized cost
• Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)
• Financial assets measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)
Financial Assets at Amortized Cost
A financial asset is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on
the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.
Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and any fees or costs that are an integral part of
the EIR.
Financial Assets at FVTOCI
A financial asset that meets the following two conditions is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income unless the asset is
designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option.
• Business model test: The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash
flows and selling financial assets.
• Cash flow characteristics test: The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely
payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial Assets at FVTPL
Even if an instrument meets the two requirements to be measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, a
financial asset is measured at fair value through profit or loss if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition
inconsistency (sometimes referred to as an "accounting mismatch") that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or
recognising the gains and losses on them on different bases.
All financial assets which are not measured on amortised cost and FVTOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss.
Equity Instruments at FVTOCI
For equity instruments not held for trading, an irrevocable choice is made on initial recognition to measure it at FVTOCI. All fair value
changes on such investments, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to profit or
loss, even on sale or disposal of the investment. However, on sale or disposal the company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within
equity.
Investments in associates, subsidiaries and joint ventures entities
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any or in accordance
with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. The accounting policy is applied for each category of investments.
Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable
amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amounts are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e.
removed from the Company's statement of financial position) when:
i) The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
ii) The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash
flows in full without material delay to a third party under a "pass-through" arrangement and either;
a. the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or
b. the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred
control of the asset.
If the Company retains substantially all the risks & rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continuous to
recognise the financial asset & also recognised a collateralised borrowings for the proceeds received.
Impairment of financial assets
The Company applies the expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial
assets and credit risk exposures:
• Fair value through other comprehensive income
• Financial assets at amortized cost.
• Financial guarantee contracts.
The company follows ‘simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. Under this approach the
company does not track changes in credit risk but recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date.
For this purpose the company uses a provision matrix to determine the impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The
said matrix is based on historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables duly adjusted for forward looking
estimates.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposures, the company determines whether there has been a
significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month expected credit loss(ECL)
is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period,
credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the
company reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk
characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a
timely basis.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The
12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months
after the reporting date.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows
that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. The ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal)
recognized during the period in the statement of profit and loss and the cumulative loss is reduced from the carrying amount of the asset
until it meets the write off criteria, which is generally when no cash flows are expected to be realised from the asset.
(ii) Financial Liabilities
Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable
transaction costs. The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts,
financial guarantee contracts.
Subsequent Measurement
This is dependent upon the classification thereof as under:
(i) At Amortised Cost
(ii) At Fair value through Profit & loss Account
Borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains
and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized
cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The
EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial
liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially
modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the Derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The
difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.
(iii) Offsetting of Financial Instruments:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable
legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise an asset and settle the liabilities
simultaneously.
(iv) Equity Instruments
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity in accordance with the substance of the
contractual arrangements. These are recognized at the amount of the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
(v) Compound Financial Instruments
These are classified separately as financial liabilities and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements.
On the date of the issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market rate for similar non-convertible
instruments and recognized as a liability on an amortized cost basis using the EIR until extinguished upon conversion or on maturity. The
conversion option classified as equity is determined by deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the compound
instrument as a whole and recognized as equity, net of the tax effect and remains in equity until the conversion option is exercised, in which
case the balance recognized in equity will be transferred to another component of equity. If the conversion option remains unexercised on
the maturity date, the balance recognized in equity will be transferred to retained earnings and no gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss
upon conversion or expiry of the conversion option.
Transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity component in proportion to the allocation of the gross proceeds and accounted for
as discussed above.
(vi) Effective Interest Method:
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial instrument and of allocating interest income or
expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts future cash receipts or payments through the
expected life of the financial instrument, or where appropriate, a shorter period.
2.14 Employee Benefits
(i) Short term employee benefits
Short term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if
the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the
obligation can be estimated reliably.
(ii) Post Employment Benefits
Defined contribution plans
The defined contribution plan is postemployment benefit plan under which the Company contributes fixed contribution to a government
administered fund and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contribution. The Company's defined contribution plan
comprises of Provident Fund and Labour Welfare Fund. The Company's contribution to defined contribution plans are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders the related services.
Defined benefit plans
Provision for Gratuity is recorded on the basis of actuarial valuation certificate provided by the actuary using Projected Unit Credit Method.
The calculation of defined benefit obligations is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the
calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available
in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. To calculate the present value of economic
benefits, consideration is given to any applicable minimum funding requirements.
Any changes in the liabilities over the year due to changes in actuarial assumptions or experience adjustments within the plans, are
recognised immediately in ‘Other comprehensive income' and subsequently not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Net interest
expense /(income) on the defined liability / (assets) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability /
(asset). Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain
or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the
settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.
Compensated Absences
Company's liability towards compensated absences is determined by an independent actuary using Projected Unit Credit Method. Past
services are recognised on a straight line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. Actuarial gains and losses are
recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense. Obligation is measured at the present value of the
estimated future cash flows using a discounted rate that is determined by reference to the market yields at the Balance Sheet date on
Government Bonds where the currency and terms of the Government Bonds are consistent with the currency and estimated terms of the
defined benefit obligation. Accumulated leave which is expected to be utilised within the next 12 months is treated as short term employee
benefit and is shown under current provision in the balance sheet.
Employee Share based payment:
Share Based Payments Equity-settled share based payments to employees of the Group are measured at the fair value of the equity
instruments at the grant date. Details regarding the determination of the fair value of equity-settled share based payments transactions are
set out statement of changes in equity.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting
period, based on the Company's estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity. At the
end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the
revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expenses reflects the revised
estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the Share Based Payments Reserve.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
In case of Group equity-settled share-based payment transactions, where the Company grants stock options to the employees of its
subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, the Company has accounted cost of share based payment as recoverable from the subsidiaries,
joint venture and associates under intragroup repayment arrangement with a corresponding credit in the equity.
2.15 Leases
As a lessee
At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract
conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The company has elected not to
recognize right of use asset and lease liability for low value asset and short term leases. The Company has recognized the lease payment
associated with these leases as an expense on straight line basis over the lease term.
At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the
contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone prices.
The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially
measured at cost, which comprise of the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the
commencement date net of lease incentive received, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove
the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located.
The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any
and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated using the straight-line method from the
commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying
asset to the Company by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Company will exercise a purchase
option. In that case the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same
basis as those of property, plant and equipment. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those
of property, plant and equipment.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted
using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The lease
liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Identification of a lease requires material judgment. The Company uses material judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated
renewals) and the applicable discount rate. The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with
both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and periods covered
by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. In assessing whether the Company is
reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and
circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option
to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancellable period of a lease.
As a Lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating
leases. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and
recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.
Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the
lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company's net investment in the leases.
Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding
in respect of the lease.
2.16 Foreign currency transactions and translation
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at their respective functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first
qualifies for recognition.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the
reporting date.
Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates
of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the
date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line
with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e. translation differences on items whose fair value gain or
loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss respectively).
2.17 Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are considered as a part of cost of such assets
less interest earned on the temporary investment. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for
the intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they are incurred.
2.18 Taxes on Income
Income Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates
to items recognised directly in Equity or in Other Comprehensive Income.
(i) Current Income Taxes
Current tax is the expected tax payable / receivable on the taxable income / loss for the year using applicable tax rates at the Balance Sheet
date, and any adjustment to taxes in respect of previous years. Interest expenses and penalties, if any, related to income tax are included
in finance cost and other expenses respectively. Interest Income, if any, related to Income tax is included in current tax expense.
(ii) Deferred Taxes
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and its tax base.
A deferred tax liability is recognised based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and
liabilities, using tax rates enacted, or substantively enacted, by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax
losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible
temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except, when the deferred tax
asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a
business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that
sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are
re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the
deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the
liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss. Deferred tax items are recognized in
correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax
liabilities.
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