1A Significant accounting policies
a) Statement of compliance & Basis of preparation & presentation
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with and in compliance, in all material aspects, with Indian Accounting
Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the 'Act") read along with Companies (Indian
Accounting Standards) Rules, as amended and other provisions of the Act. The presentation of the Financial Statements is
based on Ind AS Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are
measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP, which requires the management to make
judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities
and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could
result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.
c) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised at fair value of the consideration received or receivable. The amount disclosed as revenue is inclusive
of and net of returns, trade discounts, Goods & Service Tax related taxes and amount collected on behalf of third parties.
The company recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and it is probable that the
economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity.
i) Sale of goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when significant risk and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the
buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated cost can be reliably estimated and there is no continuing
effective control or managerial involvement with the goods and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Revenue
is recognized in respect of export sales on the basis of bill of lading.
ii) Export Incentives
Revenue in respect of export incentives / benefits are accounted for on post export basis.
iii) Dividends
Revenue in respect of dividends is recognized when the shareholders’ right to receive payment is established by the
balance sheet date.
iv) Interest
Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company
and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal
outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash
receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.
v) Insurance Claim
Claims with insurance companies are accounted on accrual basis to the extent, no significant uncertainty exists and these
are measurable and ultimate collection is reasonably certain.
d) Inventories
Items of inventories are measured at lower of cost and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence. Cost of
inventories comprises of cost of purchase,conversion and other costs including manufacturing overheads net of recoverable
taxes incurred in bringing them to their respective present location and condition. The cost in respect of various items of
inventory is computed as under:
i. Stores, spares and raw materials are valued at lower of historical cost or net realizable value. However materials & other
items held for use in the production of inventories are not written below cost if the finished products in which they will be
incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.
ii. Work in progress is valued at raw material cost plus conversion cost depending upon the stage of completion. Land
coverted to stock has been re-valued on conversion based on the available data.
iii. Finished goods are valued at lower of historical cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventories comprises of cost of
purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing them to their respective present location and condition.
By products are valued at net realizable value.
iv. Raw material valuation is determined on the basis of weighted average method.
e) Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity
instrument of another entity.
I. Initial recognition and measurement
On initial recognition, all the financial assets and liabilities are recognized at their fair value plus or minus transaction
costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset or financial liability except financial
asset or financial liability measured at fair value through profit or loss account.Transaction costs of financial asset and
liabilities carried at fair value through profit and loss are immediately recognized in the Statement of Profit or Loss.
II. Subsequent Measurement (Non Derivative Financial Instrument)
a) Financial assets carried at amortised cost
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is
to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on
specified date to cash flows that are solely payments on principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
b) Financial Asset At Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)
A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a
business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and
the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal
and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
c) Financial Assets At Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
A financial asset is measured at fair value through profit and loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value
through other comprehensive income.
d) Financial Liabilities
The financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. For trade and
other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date,the carrying amounts approximate fair value due
to the short maturity of these instruments.
e) Derecognization of financial liabilities
The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the company's obligations are discharged, cancelled
or have expired. An exchange between with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted
for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of new financial liability. Similarly, a
substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability (whether or not attributable to the financial
difficulty of the debtor) is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of
a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the
consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.
f) Property, plant and equipment
Land is carried at cost and all other items of property plant, equipments and fixtures are stated at cost less accumulated
depreciation. The cost of property, plant and equipment includes
1) its purchase price including import duties and non refundable taxes after reducing trade discount and rebate if any.
2) any attributable expenditure directly attributable to bring an assets to the location and the working condition for its
intended use.
Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets.
However, when there is no reasonable certainty that ownership will be obtained by the end of the lease term, assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected
to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property,
plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and
is recognised in profit or loss.
Property that is held for long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, and that is not used in the production
of goods and services or for the administrative purposes is classified as investment property. Investment property is
measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Subsequent expenditure related to
investment properties are added to its book value only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with
the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Investment properties are depreciated
using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives.
g) Intangible assets
Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment. Intangible assets are amortized over
expected useful life on a straight line basis from the date they are available for use.
h) Impairment of assets
I. FINANCIAL ASSETS
The company recognizes loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not
fair valued through profit or loss.
Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime
ECL. For all other financial assets expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12 month ECL,unless
there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime
ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date
to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognized as an impairment gain or loss in statement of profit or loss.
II. Non-Financial Assets
Intangible assets and property,plant and equipment
Intangible assets and property,plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing,the
recoverable amount(i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual
asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such
cases,the recoverable amount is determined for cash generating unit to which the asset belongs.
If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in the statement of profit and loss is
measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the
asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used
to determine the recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have
been determined (net off any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for
the asset in prior year.
i) Foreign exchange transactions/translation
a. Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the
exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
b. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms
of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction;
and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are
reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
c. Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, form part of the company's net investment in a non¬
integral foreign operation is accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve in the financial statements until the
disposal of the net investment, at which time they are recognized as income or as an expense.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items not covered above, or on reporting such monetary items
of company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous
financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.
d. Forward exchange contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortized as expense or income over
the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year
in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is
recognized as income or as expense for the year.
j) Employee benefits
i. Short Term Employee Benefits
Short Term Employee Benefits are recognized as an expense on an undiscounted basis in the statement of Profit and loss
of the year in which the related service is rendered.
ii. Post Employee Benefits
A) Defined Contribution Plans
i. Provident Fund & ESI
The company makes contribution to Statutory Provident Fund and Employee State Insurance in accordance with
Employees Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and Employee State Insurance Act, 1948 which is a
defined contribution plan and contribution paid or payable is recognized as an expense in the period in which services are
rendered by the employee.
B) Defined Benefit Plans
Gratuity
The company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan ("The Gratuity Plan") covering eligible employees of
the company. The gratuity plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement,death,incapacitation or
termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee's salary and the tenure of employment with
the company.
For defined benefit retirement benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit
credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Remeasurement,
comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan
assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other
comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income is
reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised in profit
or loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the
period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:
• service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);
• net interest expense or income; and
• remeasurement
The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in profit or loss in the line
item 'Employee benefits expense'. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs.
The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the
Company's defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any
economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.
A liability for a termination benefit is recognised at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of the
termination benefit and when the entity recognises any related restructuring costs.
k) Taxes on income
Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in net profit in the Statement
of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity or other comprehensive income,
in which case, it is also recognized in equity or other comprehensive income respectively.
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment
to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted
at the reporting date.
Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities
for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes (including those arising from consolidation
adjustments such as unrealized profit on inventory etc.). Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses, unused
tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available
against which they can be used. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that
it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized; such reductions are reversed when the probability of
future taxable profits improves.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognized to the extent that it has become
probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.
l) Government grants and subsidies
Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company
will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.
Government grants are recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the
Company recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.
Specifically, government grants whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct
or otherwise acquire non-current assets are recognised as deferred revenue in the balance sheet and
transferred to profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.
Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of
giving immediate financial support to the Company with no future related costs are recognised in profit or loss in the
period in which they become receivable.
m) Borrowing cost
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset.
All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that
an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying
assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
|