1. Corporate information

Vikas Ecotech Limited ('the Company') is a Delhi based Company incorporated on 30 November 1984 under the Companies Act, 1956, having its registered office at Vikas Apartments, 34/1, East Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi - 110026 and is listed on National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).

The Company is an emerging player in the global arena engaged in the business of high-end specialty chemicals. It is an integrated, multi-specialty product solutions company, producing a wide variety of superior quality, ecofriendly additives and rubber-plastic compounds. Its additives and rubber-plastic compounds are process-critical and value-enabling ingredients used to manufacture a varied cross-section of high-performance, environment-friendly and safety-critical products. From agriculture to automotive, cables to electrical, hygiene to healthcare, polymers to packaging, textiles to footwear, the Company's products serve a diverse range of global industry needs. The Company has its manufacturing plants in the state of Rajasthan.The Company has manufacturing unit of MS sockets & pipe fittings in Ghaziabad. The said space/premises has been taken on lease. Further, the company has operations/trading in infra and energy segment from Delhi and currently dealing in TMT Bars, Steel, HR Coils, CR Colis, ERW pipes & Coal to cater need of infrastructure & different industries/segment.

During the year, the company has expand its real estate division at a bigger scale. Adding to the real estate business, company has collaborated with other real estate groups and entered into several joint development agreements.

2. Basis of preparation

a) Statement of compliance:

The Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) with effect from 1 April 2017 with transition date of 1 April 2016, pursuant to notification issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs dated 16 February 2015, notifying the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015. Accordingly, these financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act'), read together with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended and other accounting principles generally accepted in India. For all periods up to and including the year ended 31 March 2017, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (Indian GAAP). The transition was carried out from the accounting principles generally accepted in India (Indian GAAP) which is considered as previous GAAP as defined in Ind AS 101. An explanation of how the transition to Ind AS has impacted the Company's equity and profits.

b) Basis of measurement:

The financial statements have been prepared on accrual and going concern basis and historical cost convention, except for certain financial assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value or amortised cost, as required under relevant Ind AS.

c) Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions:

The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Judgments

Information about significant areas of estimation/ uncertainty and judgements in applying the Company's accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements are as follows:

3. Summary of significant accounting policies

a) Current versus Non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ Non-current classification. Assets

An asset as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

Current assets include the current portion of non-current financial assets. All other assets are classified as non-current.

Liability

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after

the reporting period

Current liabilities include the current portion of non-current financial liabilities. The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

Operating cycle

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle basis the nature of business except real estate which may exceed twelve months and vary on project to project basis depending on the life of the project.

b) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment including capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of property, plant and equipment are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized, when replaced. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised. Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual values

Assets are depreciated to the residual values on a written down value method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, derived as per the Divison -II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, which are as follows:-

In case of intangible assets, amortistion has been done considering useful life derived on the basis of management judgement and estimate.

The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset. The assets' residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end or whenever there are indicators for impairment, and adjusted prospectively, as appropriate.

As asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in Statement of Profit and Loss within other gains/ (losses). Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis for assets purchased/ sold during the year.

c) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that a non-financial asset maybe impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating units' (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited to the extent the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is carried at the revalued amount, in which case the reverse is treated as a revaluation increase.

d) Leases - Company as a lessee

The determination of whether an arrangement is(or contains) a lease is based on the substance of an arrangement at inception date: whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company's policy on the borrowing costs.

Leased assets are depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term and escalation in the contract, which are structured to compensate expected general inflationary increase are not straight-lined. Contingent rents are recognized as expense in the period in Statement of Profit and Loss in which they are incurred.

e) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Company's cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows.

f) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial assets.

Classification and subsequent measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, the Company classifies financial assets in following categories:

- Financial assets at amortized cost

- Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

- Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

- Equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Financial assets at amortised cost

The category applies to the Company's trade receivables, unbilled revenue, other bank balances, security deposits, etc.

A financial asset being a 'debt instrument' is measured at amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual

cash flows and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of

principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial assets at FVTOCI

A financial asset being a 'debt instrument' is measured at FVTOCI if both the following conditions are met:

• The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

• The asset's contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial assets at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization at amortized cost or at FVTOCI, is classified at FVTPL.

Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as 'accounting mismatch').

Equity investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind

AS103 applies are classified as at FVTPL.

De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company's balance sheet) when:

• The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

• The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets that are debt instruments and are initially measured at fair value with subsequent measurement at amortised cost e.g. Trade receivables, unbilled revenue etc. The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance for trade receivables.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, twelve month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in the subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on a twelve month ECL.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls),discounted at the original EIR.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings or payables, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fairvalue and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, security deposits, etc.

Classification and subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risks are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to Statement of Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

This category includes security deposit received, trade payables etc. After initial recognition, such liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company's senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company's operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

g) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the customer. Sales are net off sales returns, free quantities delivered and trade discounts.

Export Incentives

The Company recognises Export incentives such as MEIS License as per accounting principal i.e. on accrual basis.

Commission

When the Company acts in the capacity of an agent rather than as the principal in a transaction, the revenue recognised is the net amount of commission earned by the Company. Further, Company also provides serivces related to Export Facilitation and the same has been recognised as sale of services under Revenue from Operations.

Rental income

Rental income from investment property is recognised as part of revenue from operations in profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation. Lease incentives granted are recognised as an integral part of the total rental income, over the term of the lease. Rental income from sub-leasing is also recognised in a similar manner and included under other income.

Interest income

Interest income on financial assets (including deposits with banks) is recognised as it accrues in Statement of Profit and Loss, using the effective interest rate (EIR) method (i.e. time proportionate basis) which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Government grants

An unconditional government grant related to a biological asset that is measured at fair value less cost to sell is recognised in profit or loss as other income when the grant becomes receivable. Other government grants are recognised initially as deferred income at fair value when there is reasonable assurance that they will be received and the Company will comply with the conditions associated with the grant, they are recognised in profit or loss as other operating revenue on a systematic basis. Grants that compensate the Company for expenses incurred are recognised in profit or loss as other operating revenue on systematic basis in which such expenses are recognised.

Other operating income

Other operating income is recognised on accrual basis (i.e. time proportionate basis) in the accounting period in which services are rendered and in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

h) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in-first-out formula, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition.

Cost incurred in bringing each product to its present location and conditions are accounted for as follows:

• Raw materials: Purchase cost on first-in-first out basis

• Finished goods and work in progress: Cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity, but excluding borrowing costs

• Inventory related to real estate division: Valued at cost incurred

• Inventory related to stock-in-trade: Purchase cost on first-in-first out basis

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.

Raw materials, components and other supplies held for use in production of finished goods are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

Obsolete, slow moving, defective inventories, shortage/ excess are identified at the time of physical verification of inventories and wherever necessary provision/ adjustment is made for such inventories.

i) Income taxes

Income tax expenses comprises of current tax and deferred tax. It is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Current tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, by the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). The management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Minimum Alternate Tax ('MAT') credit entitlement under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 is recognised as a deferred tax asset when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, will flow to the Company and the asset can be measured reliably. MAT credit entitlement is set off to the extent allowed in the year in which the Company becomes liable to pay income taxes at the enacted tax rates. MAT credit entitlement is reviewed at each reporting date and is recognised to the extent that is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which

they can be used. MAT credit entitlement has been presented as deferred tax asset in the Balance sheet. Significant management judgement is required to determine the probability of recognition of MAT credit entitlement.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current income tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

j) Dividend payments

Final dividend is recognized, when it is approved by the shareholders and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. However, interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company's Board of Directors.

k) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

l) Retirement and other employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are measured on undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

The Company post-employment benefits include defined benefit plan and defined contribution plans. Contribution payable by the Company to the central government authorities in respect of provident fund, pension fund and employee state insurance are defined plans. A defined contribution plan is a postemployment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions to a statutory authority and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized in Statement of Profit & Loss when the related services are rendered. The Company has no further obligations under these plans beyond its periodic contributions.

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. Under the defined benefit retirement plan, the Company provides retirement obligation in the form of Gratuity. Under the plan, a lump sum payment is made to eligible employees at retirement or termination of employment based on respective employee salary and years of experience with the Company.

The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out as at the reporting date by an independent qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the period in which they occur in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The obligation towards the said benefit is recognised in the balance sheet as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the present value of the plan liabilities. Scheme liabilities are calculated using the projected unit credit method and applying the principal actuarial assumptions as at the date of Balance Sheet. Plan assets are assets that are held by a long-term employee benefit fund or qualifying insurance policies. Gratuity is covered by Gratuity policy respectively.

All expenses excluding re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset), in respect of defined benefit plans are recognized in the profit or loss as incurred. Re-measurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset)),are recognized immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

m) Provisions

i) General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive)as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time (i.e. unwinding of discount) is recognised as a finance cost.

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed. ii) Contingent assets/ liabilities

Contingent assets are not recognised. However, when realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, and is recognised as an asset.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in notes to accounts when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

n) Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential equity shares (such as preferential shares, ESOP, share warrants, share application money, etc.) into equity shares.

o) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

I. Level 1- Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

II. Level 2- Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

III. Level 3- Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data(unobservable inputs)

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarises accounting policy for fair value measurement. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

p) Foreign currency

Functional and presentation currency

The Company's financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the Company's functional currency. Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates and is normally the currency in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. All the

financial information is presented in INR, except where otherwise stated.

Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at the functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit or Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fairvalue is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).

Foreign exchange gains/ (losses) arising on translation of foreign currency monetary loans are presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss on net basis.

q) Corporate social responsibility expenditure

Pursuant to the requirements of section 135 of the Act and rules thereon and guidance notion "Accounting for expenditure on Corporate Social Responsibility activities" issued by ICAI, with effect from 1 April 2015, CSR expenditure is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.

4. Segment Reporting

The chief operational decision maker monitors the operating results of its business segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit and loss of the segment and is measured consistently with profit or loss in these financial statements. Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products. In accordance with Ind AS 108, Operating Segments, the Company has identified and disclosed the followoing segment information in the financial statements.

1. Infra & Energy

2. Chemical, Polymers & Special Additives

3. Real Estate