To the Members of JNK India Limited
(Formerly known as JNK India Private Limited)
Report on the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements
Opinion
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of JNK India Limited (Formerly known as JNK India Private Limited) (hereinafter referred to a "Holding Company") and its subsidiaries JNK India Private FZE (Nigeria) and JNK Renewable Energy Private Limited (Holding Company and its subsidiaries together referred to as the "Group"), which comprise the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2024, the Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended on that date and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of the material accounting policies and other explanatory information (hereinafter referred to as the "Consolidated Financial Statements").
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid Consolidated Financial Statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the Indian Accounting Standards prescribed under section 133 of the Act read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended ("Ind AS") and other accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the consolidated state of affairs of the Group as at March 31, 2024 and their consolidated profit, their consolidated total comprehensive income, their consolidated changes in equity and their consolidated cash flows for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs) specified under section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those Standards are further described in the "Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements" section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ("ICAI") together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules made thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the ICAI's Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence obtained by us is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. We have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.
Sr.
No.
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Key Audit Matter
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How our audit addressed the Key Audit Matter
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1
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Revenue Recognition
(As described in Consolidated Financial Statements Note No. 22)
Revenue is the most significant amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss, which in the present case is Rs. 4,802.41 Million. Revenue is recognised in accordance with the agreed terms and conditions of the contract with the respective customers and when the activity meets the recognition criteria as per Ind AS 115 - "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". Under Ind AS 115 revenue is recognised when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over promised goods or services.
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We read and understood the Group's accounting policy for recognition of revenue.
We understood the Group's control mechanisms and methods in relation to the revenue recognition and evaluated their operative effectiveness.
We read the terms of contracts including revisions, if any, to evaluate the management's process to assess nature of contractual performance obligations, transfer of control to customer and other relevant terms necessary for revenue recognition.
We performed transaction testing based on a representative sampling of the sales orders to assess revenue recognition.
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The application of this revenue accounting standard involves certain key judgments and estimates relating to identification of distinct performance obligations, determination of transaction prices of identified performance obligations, Group's right to receive consideration for performance obligation completed, appropriateness of the basis used to measure revenue and disclosures including presentation of balances in the financial statements.
The Group's significant portion of business is undertaken through Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contracts; revenue from which is recognized over a period of time in accordance with the requirements of Ind AS 115. EPC Contracts may involve changes in scope, revised contract prices and delays due to reasons beyond Group's control. Hence, we consider the accounting for EPC contracts also to be subject to management's judgements and estimates.
Revenues and profits for the year under audit, may deviate significantly on account of above mentioned judgements and estimates. Hence, Revenue Recognition is considered a key audit matter.
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We performed sales cut off procedures on a test check basis, occurring around the year end with supporting documentation.
We scrutinised transactions pertaining to unbilled revenues.
We performed analytical procedures for ascertaining reasonableness of revenues, expenditures and profits pertaining to projects.
We identified delayed projects, ascertained reasons for the delay and reasonableness of provisions for contingencies and liquidated damages.
We read and assessed related disclosures made with respect to revenue in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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2
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Trade Receivables and Contract Assets
(As described in Consolidated Financial Statements Note Nos. 7, 9 and 11)
Trade Receivables are dues from customers for sale of goods and services.
Total trade receivables as at March 31, 2024 are Rs. 2,130.87 Million which is 40% of the Group balance sheet size and 44% of the turnover for the year.
Contract assets include trade advances, retention money and unbilled revenue which is 23% of the balance sheet size of the Group.
Corresponding impact of earning revenue falls on receivables and contract assets.
Further, in practice, timing of collection of dues from customers may differ from the actual credit period and the contract terms. Also completion of performance obligation may be subject to varying interpretations.
This makes assessment regarding recoverability of trade receivables as inherently subjective and requiring significant management judgment.
Impairment of Trade Receivables and Contract Assets is done by Expected Credit Losses method under Ind AS 109. Calculation of the impairment allowance under expected credit losses is quite judgmental as it requires management to make significant assumptions on customer payment behavior and other relevant characteristics.
It is also subject to Group's statistics of historical information and estimation about the level and timing of expected future cash flows.
Considering the overall uncertainty regarding their recoverability, Trade Receivables and Contract Assets are key audit matters due to their size and high level of management judgment.
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We studied the Process of invoicing followed by the Group.
We obtained project wise outstanding and reviewed the same.
We obtained and verified age wise analysis of trade receivables and contract assets as at March 31, 2024. Information and explanation from the management regarding status of receivables was sought.
Special attention was given to overdue receivables for the purpose of ensuring adequacy of impairment allowance. We also checked the documents in support of invoices pertaining to overdue collections. We have inquired into reasons for delayed projects and delayed collections.
Collections made after March 31, 2024 were also checked.
We performed analytical procedures for reasonableness and recoverability of balances.
We obtained details of Group's impairment policy and assessed the same.
We considered historical incidence of bad debts and reasonableness of forecasting the impairment allowance.
We made corroborative inquiries with the management regarding status update and expectation of outcomes.
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Information Other than the Financial Statements and Auditor's Report Thereon
The Holding Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report but does not include the Financial Statements and our Auditor's Report thereon. The Annual report is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements, our responsibility is to read the other information when it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the Consolidated Financial Statements or our knowledge obtained during the course of our audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
After we read such other information when it is made available to us, if we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein we are required to communicate the matter to those charged with governance.
Responsibility of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements
The Holding Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the matters stated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation and presentation of these Consolidated Financial Statements in term of the requirements of the Act that give a true and fair view of the consolidated financial position, consolidated financial performance including consolidated other comprehensive income, consolidated changes in equity and consolidated cash flows of the Group in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including Ind AS specified under section 133 of the Act. The respective Boards of Directors of the entities included in the Group are responsible for maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding the assets of the Group and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and the design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, which have been used for the purpose of preparation of the Consolidated
Financial Statements by the Directors of the Holding Company, as aforesaid.
In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, the respective Management and Board of Directors of the companies included in the Group are also responsible for assessing the ability of their respective companies to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the respective Board of Directors either intends to liquidate their respective Companies or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
The respective Boards of Directors of the companies included in the Group are also responsible for overseeing the financial reporting process of the Group.
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Consolidated Financial Statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with Standards on Auditing (SAs), we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the Consolidated Financial Statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)
(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the Holding Company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to consolidated financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management's and Board of Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the ability of the Group to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the disclosures, and whether the Consolidated Financial Statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
• Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities within the Group to express an opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the audit of the financial statements of such entities included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of which we are the independent auditors. For the other entities included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been audited by other auditors, such other auditors remain responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the audits carried out by them. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.
We communicate with those charged with governance of the Holding Company and such other entities included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of which we are the independent auditors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Other Matters
We did not audit the financial statements of JNK India Private FZE (Nigeria) and JNK Renewable Energy Private Limited, the subsidiaries whose financial statements reflect the following:
1. In JNK India Private FZE, total assets of Rs. 16.54 million as at March 31, 2024, total revenue of Rs. 43.98 million and profit after tax of Rs. 8.34 million for the year ended on that date, as considered in the consolidated financial statements.
2. In JNK Renewable Energy Private Limited, total assets of Rs. 13.57 million as at March 31, 2024, total revenue of Rs. 33.88 million and profit after tax of Rs. 1.76 million for the year ended on that date, as considered in the consolidated financial statements.
These financial statements and other financial information have been audited by other auditors, which financial statements, other financial information and auditor's reports have been furnished to us by the management. Our opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements, in so far as it relates to the amounts and disclosures included in respect of these subsidiaries and our report in terms of sub-sections (3) of Section 143 of the Act, in so far as it relates to the aforesaid subsidiaries, is based solely on the reports of such other auditors.
Our opinion above on the Consolidated Financial Statements, and our report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements below, is not modified in respect of the above matters with respect to our reliance on the work done and the reports of the other auditors and the financial statements certified by the Management.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
1. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report, to the extent applicable, that:
(a) We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the
purposes of our audit of the aforesaid Consolidated Financial Statements.
(b) In our opinion, proper books of account as required by law including relevant records relating to preparation of the aforesaid Consolidated Financial Statements have been kept by the Group so far as it appears from our examination of those books and the reports of the other auditors.
(c) The Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss including Other Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement dealt with by this Report are in agreement with the relevant books of account maintained for the purpose of preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(d) In our opinion, the aforesaid Consolidated Financial Statements comply with the Ind AS specified under Section 133 of the Act.
(e) On the basis of the written representations received from the directors of the Holding Company as on March 31, 2024 taken on record by the Board of Directors of the Holding Company and the report of the statutory auditor of its subsidiary company incorporated in India, none of the directors of the Group companies incorporated in India is disqualified as on March 31, 2024 from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164(2) of the Act.
(f) With respect to the adequacy of internal financial
controls with reference to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the operating
effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate report in "Annexure A" which is based on the auditors' reports of the Holding Company and its subsidiary companies. Our report expresses an unmodified opinion on the adequacy and operating effectiveness of internal financial controls with reference to Consolidated Financial Statements of those companies.
(g) With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with the requirements of Section 197(16) of the Act, as amended, in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the remuneration paid by the Holding Company to its directors during the year is in accordance with the provisions of Section 197 of the Act.
2. With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditor's) Rules, 2014, as amended, in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
(a) The Group has disclosed the impact of pending litigations on the consolidated financial position of the Group. Refer Note 33 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(b) The Group did not have any material foreseeable losses on long-term contracts including derivative contracts.
(c) There were no amounts which were required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Holding Company, and its subsidiary company incorporated in India.
(d) (i) The respective Managements of the Holding
Company and its subsidiary which is incorporated in India, whose financial statements have been audited under the Act, have represented to us that, to the best of their knowledge and belief, no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Holding Company or its Indian subsidiary to or in any other person or entity, including foreign entity ("Intermediaries"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Holding Company or its Indian subsidiary ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(ii) The respective Managements of the Holding Company and its subsidiary which is incorporated in India, whose financial statements have been audited under the Act, have represented to us that, to the best of their knowledge and belief, no funds have been received by the Holding Company or its Indian subsidiary from any person or entity, including foreign entity ("Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Holding
Company or its Indian subsidiary shall, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(iii) Based on the audit procedures that have been considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations under sub-clauses (i) and (ii) above, contain any material misstatement.
(e) The dividend paid during the year by the Holding Company is in compliance with section 123 of the Act.
(f) Based on our test checks of the Holding Company and the report of the auditor of Indian subsidiary, the Holding Company and its Indian
subsidiary have used such accounting software for maintaining their books of account which have a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has been made effective during the year for all transactions recorded in the software. Further, during the course of our audit we did not come across any instance of the audit trail feature having been tampered with.
Reporting on preservation of audit trail as per statutory requirements for record retention is not applicable for the financial year ended March 31, 2024.
3. With respect to the matters specified in paragraphs 3(xxi) and 4 of the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 (the "Order" / "CARO") issued by the Central Government in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we report that there are no qualifications or adverse remarks by the respective auditors of the companies in the Group to which reporting under CARO is applicable.
For CVK & Associates
Chartered Accountants Firm Regn No.: 101745W
CA K. P. Chaudhari
Partner
Membership No: 031661
Place: Mumbai
Date: May 30, 2024
UDIN: 24031661BKDGFD2318
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