Note: 1 Corporate Information

Ashima Limited is engaged in Textiles and Real Estate business.

The Textile business of the Company consists of manufacture of Denim fabrics and readymade garments as well as processing of textile fabrics including Interlining fabrics and garment washing activities (laundry). Its fabrics portfolio offers a wide range of products including basic denims, ring/slub denims, pigment/discharged print, polyester denim, etc. The piece-dyed product range includes basic twills, plain weave, canvas, satin and various types of dobby structures with value-added properties like chemical, mechanical and functional finishes. The garmenting facility is equipped to manufacture shirts and trousers, both casual as well as formal and can offer over-dyed garments also. The Company also operates in ready-to-stitch product under the brand name “ICON”.

The company has a state of the art design studio, which can cater to the requirements of the best of the high-end customers. Because of its compact size and the product specific model, it possesses versatility in terms of product offering.

The company follows the motto of “Texcellence”, which means excellence in textiles, and consistently maintains high quality standards of its products. The Company also derives its competitive strengths from its compact size and versatility and adaptability in terms of product offering. It complies with strict environmental norms in its activities. The company enjoys a loyal customer base of leading brands and international customers.

A substantial part of the goods manufactured by the company are meant for exports, which includes direct exports as well as sale to garment manufacturers nominated by overseas buyers.

The Company entered into Real Estate business about two years ago. It has already launched two projects so far and expects the real estate business to grow significantly in the time to come.

The first project of the Company, “Swan Lake”, is a gated community of weekend villas on land admeasuring approximately 38,00,000 sq ft near Ahmedabad. The villas are being constructed on plots amidst lush green surroundings, a large lake and beautifully landscaped gardens. It would be equipped with well thought out amenities like a luxurious club house, event spaces, guest rooms, a restaurant, lounge, kids' playing area, sports arena and such other facilities. The community will be sustainable in every sense with solar power panels, rainwater harvesting, percolating wells, etc. The total estimated revenue from the project will be approx. ' 350 Crores. During the year, the company launched a Real Estate Development Project of luxurious Residential Apartments, in the name of ‘The Sovereign', at Thaltej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The Sovereign is a residential project with 102 exclusive residences in a 430 ft tall tower having 37 floors. The project consists of thoughtfully planned amenities and conveniences for its residents. This project is located in a premium residential area, in the western part of the city of Ahmedabad. It will have about 6,46,000 sq. ft. of builtup area and the total estimated revenue potential from the project will be approx. ' 500 crores, when it is completed.

The company contributes significantly to the government exchequer in terms of foreign currency earnings and also in terms of payment of various taxes.

The company employs substantial workforce and has an impeccable record of labour relations. The company is also committed to environment friendly approach across its manufacturing operations and has many innovations and certifications to its credit on that front.

The company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (now Companies Act, 2013) (“the Act”). Its shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE Limited) and the National Stock Exchange (National Stock Exchange of India Limited) in India. The registered office of the company is located at Texcellence Complex, Near Anupam Cinema, Khokhara-Mehmedabad, Ahmedabad - 380021. The financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2024 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors passed at their meeting held on May 25, 2024.

Note: 2-Significant Accounting Policies:

The following note provides list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements.

These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented unless otherwise stated.

1 Basis of preparation:

A The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

B The financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value or revalued amount: i Derivative financial instruments

Ii Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

Iii Defined benefit plans

iv Certain items of Property, Plant and Equipment

C The amounts mentioned in the financial statements are rounded off to the nearest Lac. Figures less than ' 50,000/- appear as zero (“0”). As the quarterly and yearly figures are taken from the sources and rounded to the nearest digits, the figures already reported for all the quarters during the yearly might not always add up to the yearly figures reported in this statement.

2 Use of Estimates:

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the period. Application of accounting policies that require critical accounting estimates involving complex and subjective judgments are provided below.

Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

Critical estimates and judgments

a Determination of revenue under the satisfaction of performance obligation necessarily involves making estimates, some of which are of a technical nature, concerning, where relevant, the timing of satisfaction of performance obligation, costs to completion for the project or activity and the foreseeable losses to completion. Estimates of project income, as well as project costs, are reviewed periodically. The Company recognises revenue when the Company satisfies its performance obligation b Income Taxes:

Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/ recovered for uncertain tax positions, and in estimation of deferred tax asset or liability.

c Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. Management reviews the residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment at reasonable intervals and any revision to these is recognised prospectively in current and future periods. The useful lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may affect their life, such as changes in technology.

Significant judgments are involved in determining the estimated future cash flows and/or net realisable value from the property, plant and equipment to determine its value in use to assess whether there is any impairment in its carrying amount as reflected in the financials. d Employee Benefits:

Significant judgments are involved in making estimates about the life expectancy, discounting rate, salary increase, etc. which significantly affect the working of the present value of future liabilities on account of employee benefits by way of defined benefit plans.

e Significant judgment is involved in making estimate about the fair value of the non-convertible debentures issued by the company on which no interest is payable and which are to be redeemed at a premium which is calculated based on project IRR as per terms of debentures. f Product quality claims:

Significant judgments are involved in determining estimated value of likely product quality claims. g Insurance Claims

Significant judgments are involved in determining estimated value likely to be received in respect of insurance claims lodged in respect of loss/damage to properties/stock of the company.

3 Non-Current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale

Non-Current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset (or disposal group) and its sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

Non-Current assets (and disposal groups) classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell except for those assets that are specifically exempt under relevant Ind AS. Once the assets are classified as “Held for sale”, those are not subjected to depreciation till disposal.

An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised.

A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognised at the date of derecognition.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet.

4 Discontinued operation:

A discontinued operation is a component of an entity that either has been disposed of, or is classified as held for sale and that represents a separate line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of single coordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss.

5 Foreign Currency Transactions:

A The Company's financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees ('), which is the functional and presentation currency.

B The transactions in foreign currencies are translated into functional currency at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of transactions.

C Foreign Exchange gains and losses resulting from settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

D Foreign exchange differences regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs are presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss as part of finance costs. All the other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a net basis.

6 Revenue Recognition:

A Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government and is shown net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, volume discounts and value added taxes.The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of manufactured goods, traded goods and related services. The Company is also engaged in real estate property development. Revenue is recognized on satisfaction of performance obligation upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services.

B In determining the transaction price, the Company considers the effects of variable consideration and the existence of significant financing components, if any.

C GST is not received by the Company on its own account, but is tax collected on value added to the goods/ services by the Company on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue. D For revenue to be recognised, the following specific recognition criteria for each types of revenue must be satisfied: a Sale of Goods:

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the control of the goods has passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, volume discounts and GST.

The goods are often sold with volume discounts/pricing incentives and customers have a right to return defective products. Revenue from sales is based on the price in the sales contracts, net of discounts. Historical experience is used to estimate and provide for customer claims. No element of financing is deemed present as the sales are made with the normal credit terms as per prevalent trade practice and credit policy followed by the Company.

b Real Estate Transactions:

The Company satisfies a performance obligation and recognises revenue over time, if one of the following criteria is met:

1. The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company's performances as the Company performs;

2. The Company's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or

3. The Company's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

For performance obligations where one of the above conditions are not met, revenue is recognised at the point in time at which the performance obligation is satisfied.

Revenue in excess of invoicing are classified as contract asset while invoicing in excess of revenues are classified as contract liabilities.

c Service Income:

Service income is recognised as per the terms of contracts with the customers when the related services are performed and are net of GST, wherever applicable.

d Interest Income:

For all debt instruments measured at amortized cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument but does not consider the expected credit losses.

e Claims receivable on account of Insurance are accounted for to the extent the Company is reasonably certain of their ultimate collection. f Dividend Income:

Dividend Income is recognized when the right to receive the same is established. g Other Income:

Other income is recognised when no significant uncertainty as to its determination or realisation exists.

7 Government Grants:

A Government grants are recognised in accordance with the terms of the respective grant on accrual basis considering the status of compliance of prescribed conditions and ascertainment that the grant will be received.

B Government grants related to revenue items are recognised on a systematic and net basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period during which the related costs intended to be compensated are incurred.

C Government grants related to assets are recognised as income over the expected useful life of the related asset.

8 Taxes on Income:

Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred tax.

A Current Tax:

a Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid on the basis of reliefs and deductions available in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

b Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in Statement of Profit

and Loss, Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) or directly in equity.

c Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

B Deferred Tax:

a Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

b Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences.

c Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and carry forward of unused

tax losses.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and carry forward of unused tax losses can be utilized.

d The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

e Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date and are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled.

f Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in Statement of Profit and Loss, Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) or directly in equity.

g Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

9 Property, Plant and Equipment:

A Property, Plant, and Equipment including leasehold land existing as on 1st January, 2005 have been carried at revalued figures and subsequent additions thereto are accounted for on actual/historical cost basis. Cost includes related expenditure and pre-operative and project expenses for the period upto completion of construction / upto date of assets being ready for its intended use, if recognition criteria are met and the present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Cost is reduced by accumulated depreciation and impairment and amount representing assets discarded or held for disposal. On transition to Ind AS as on 1st April, 2016, the Company has elected to measure its Property, Plant and Equipment at carrying value as per previous GAAP. As per the requirement of paragraph 11 of Ind AS 101, outstanding amount in the revaluation reserve was transferred to retained earning account upon transition to Ind AS, since the Company is no longer applying the revaluation model of Ind AS 16 upon transition and has elected to apply the cost model approach.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

B Where components of an asset are significant in value in relation to the total value of the asset as a whole, and they have substantially different economic lives as compared to principal item of the asset, they are recognised separately as independent items and are depreciated over their estimated economic useful lives.

C Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on “straight line method”. Useful life of tangible assets except buildings as per following details are different from that prescribed in Schedule II of the Act, which have been arrived at based on technical evaluation. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used. However, management reviews the residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment at reasonable intervals. Any revision to these is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.

D Depreciation on impaired assets is calculated on its reduced value, if any, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life.

E Depreciation on additions/ disposals of the property, plant & equipment during the year is provided on pro-rata basis according to the period during which assets are used.

F Capital work in progress is stated at cost less accumulated impairment loss, if any. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in Statement of Profit or Loss as incurred, unless they meet the recognition criteria for capitalisation under property, plant and equipment.

G An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part thereof initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

10 Leases

A The Company has adopted Ind AS 116 “Leases” using the modified retrospective approach, initially applying this standard from 1st April 2019. Accordingly, the information presented for previous year ended March 31 2019, is not restated and reported as per Ind AS 17.

B The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116 and this may require significant judgment. The Company also uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend or terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain based on relevant facts and circumstances that the option to extend or terminate will be exercised. If there is a change in facts and circumstances, the expected lease term is revised accordingly.

The discount rate is generally based on the interest rate specific to the lease being evaluated or if that cannot be easily determined the incremental borrowing rate for similar term is used.

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, or a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or a change in the assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset

has been reduced to zero. The right of-use asset is measured by applying cost model i.e. right-of-use asset at cost less accumulated depreciation /impairment losses (Refer note no. 13 for impairment).

C The Company as a lessee:

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and restoration cost, less any lease incentives received.

The right-to-use assets are subsequently depreciated over the shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. In addition, the right-to-use asset is reduced by impairment losses, if any.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. When a lease liability is remeasured, the corresponding adjustment of the lease liability is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the Statement of Profit & Loss if the carrying amount of the right-to-use asset has been reduced to zero.

The right to use appears as part of fixed assets and the lease liability appears as non current and current liability in the Balance Sheet.

Rent concessions are accounted for as per provisions of the revised Ind-AS 116 “Leases”.

11 Intangible Assets:

A I ntangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

B Capitalised cost incurred towards purchase/ development of software is amortized using straight line method over its useful life of six years as estimated by the management at the time of capitalisation. C An item of intangible asset initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

12 Borrowing Costs:

A Borrowing costs consist of interest and other borrowing costs that are incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Other borrowing costs include ancillary charges at the time of acquisition of a financial liability, which is recognised as per EIR method. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

B Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition / construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets, up to the date the assets are ready for their intended use. C For capitalization of eligible borrowing costs which are not specifically attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a particular qualifying asset, a weighted average capitalization rate is applied for all the eligible assets.

The weighted average rate is taken of the borrowing costs applicable to the outstanding borrowings of the company during the period, other than borrowings made specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset.

13 Impairment of Assets:

The carrying amounts of Property, Plant and Equipment and intangible assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the Company measures it on the

basis of discounted estimated cash flows for the remaining years (remaining useful life). Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognized for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

14 Inventories:

A Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

B Costs (net of input credit of VAT/GST) comprises all cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing inventories to their present location and condition. Cost formulae used are “First In First Out”, “Weighted Average Cost”, or “Specific Identification” as applicable.

C Write down of inventories to net realisable value is recognised as an expense and included in “Changes in Inventories of Finished goods, Work-in-progress and Stock-in-Trade” and “Cost of Material Consumed” in the relevant note in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

15 Cash and Cash Equivalents:

Cash and Cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise cash and cheques in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with banks where the original maturity is three months or less and other short term highly liquid investments.

16 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, Contingent Assets and Commitments:

A Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that the outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which reliable estimates can be made.

When the company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. A disclosure for contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation, that may, but probably will not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision/ disclosure is made. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed separately in the financial statements. Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of assets. Provisions, contingencies and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the correct management estimates.

B I f the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax

rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability.

17 Provision for Product Quality Claims:

Provisions for claims raised by customers for products sold by the company are made on management estimates based on claim history and other relevant factors. The initial estimate of the claim is revised at each reporting period.

18 Employee Benefits:

A Short term obligations:

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including leave encashments that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured by the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

B Long term employee benefits obligations: a Defined Benefit Plans: i Gratuity:

Liability on account of gratuity is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date. The contribution towards gratuity liability is funded to an approved gratuity fund and the funds are managed by insurance companies. The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plan is the present value of the defined benefit plan obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of the plan assets. The liability with regard to the gratuity plan is determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation denominated in ' is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to the market yields at the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discounting rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. Such costs are included in employee benefit expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Re-measurements gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised immediately in the period in which they occur directly in “other comprehensive income” and are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet. Re-measurements gains or losses recognized in the other comprehensive income are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss:

i Service costs comprising current service costs and past service costs.

ii Net interest expense or income. b Defined Contribution Plans

Contribution to provident fund is made to the provident fund administered by the Government as per the provisions of the Provident Fund Act, 1952 and is recognised as employee benefit expenses on accrual basis.

Contribution to National Pension Scheme “NPS”, which is also a defined contribution plan, is made to NPS managed by insurance Company and is recognised as employee benefit expenses on accrual basis.

C Employee Separation Costs:

The compensation paid to the employees under Voluntary Retirement Scheme is expensed on accrual basis.

19 Financial Instruments:

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

A Financial assets:

a Initial recognition and measurement:

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the settlement date, i.e., the date that the Company settles to purchase or sell the asset.

b Subsequent measurement:

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:

i Financial Assets at amortized cost:

A ‘financial asset' is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:

- The asset is held with an objective of collecting contractual cash flows.

- Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are “solely payments of principal and interest” (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

ii Financial Assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI):

A ‘financial asset' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

- The asset is held with objective of both - for collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets.

- The asset's contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Financial Assets included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the OCI. However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI financial asset is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

iii Financial Assets and derivatives at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL):

FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. Any financial asset, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

Assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. c Derecognition:

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognised when:

i The right to receive cash flows from the asset has expired, or

ii The Company has transferred its right to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through' arrangement and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its right to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained. When the Company has transferred the risk and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the same is derecognised.

d Impairment of financial assets:

I n accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortized cost. b Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset. c Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured at FVTOCI.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on Point c provided above. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it requires the company to recognise the impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:

a Financial assets measured as at amortized cost and contractual revenue receivables: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet, which reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount. b Financial guarantee contracts: ECL is presented as a provision in the balance sheet, i.e. as a liability.

For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics.

B Financial liabilities:

a Initial recognition and measurement:

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans, borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. b Subsequent measurement:

Subsequently all financial liabilities are measured as amortized cost except for financial guarantee contracts, as described below: i Loans and borrowings:

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in Statement of Profit or Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non interest-bearing non-convertible redeemable Debentures issued by the company which are to be redeemed at a premium which is calculated based on project IRR as per terms of debentures are subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL).

c Derecognition:

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

C Reclassification of financial assets:

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company's senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company's operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model as per Ind AS 109.

D Offsetting of financial instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

20 Derivative Financial Instruments:

Derivatives are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently at fair value through profit and loss.

21 Earnings per Share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss (excluding other comprehensive income) for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a right issue, shares split and reverse share splits (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss (excluding other comprehensive income) for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

Note: 3-Recent pronouncements:

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2024, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company.