2. Summary of significant accounting policies
2.1. Basis of preparation of financial statements
These financial statements are prepared and presented under the historical cost convention as a going concern on the accrual basis of accounting and comply with the Indian Accounting Standards' (' Ind AS') specified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act') and the relevant provisions and amendments, as applicable and other accounting principles generally accepted in India, to the extent applicable. The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees and rounded off to the nearest rupee.
2.2. Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the period in which such results are known / materialize. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
2.3. Current/ non-current classification
All assets and liabilities are classified into current and non-current as follows:
Assets:
An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
a) it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company's normal operating cycle;
b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;
c) it is expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting date; or
d) it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least 12 months after the reporting date.
Current assets include the current portion of non-current financial assets. All other assets are classified as non-current.
Liabilities:
A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
a) it is expected to be settled in the Company's normal operating cyc le;
b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;
c) it is due to be settled within 12 months after the reporting date; or
d) the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting date. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.
Current liabilities include current portion of non-current financial liabilities. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
2.4. Operating cycle:
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out above which are in accordance with the Schedule III to the Act. Based on the nature of business the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current - non-current classification of assets and liabilities.
2.5. Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
A. Raw material, components, stores, spares and tools
These are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost includes all cost of purchase and all other costs incurred to bring them to its present location and condition. Cost of purchase consists of purchase price including duties and taxes (excluding those that are subsequently recoverable), freight inwards and other expenditure directly attributable to the acquisition. Further, trade discounts, rebates and other similar items are deducted in determining the costs of purchase. Further, these are valued on first-in-first out method.
Net realisable value is determined as the estimated selling price of finished goods in the ordinary course of business less selling expenses.
B. Work-in-progress and finished goods
These are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
Net realisable value is the estimated contract price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion of the contract.
2.6. Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised. Claims are recognised as income to the extent it is measurable and it is not unreasonable to expect ultimate collection.
A. Construction Contracts
Contract revenue and contract cost associated with the construction of buildings and civil structures are recognised as revenue and expenses respectively by reference to the stage of completion of the projects at the balance sheet date i.e. percentage of completion method. The stage of completion of project is determined by the proportion that contract cost incurred for work performed up to the balance sheet date bear to the estimated total contract costs. Where the outcome of the construction cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognised to the extent of the construction costs incurred if it is probable that they will be recoverable. If total cost is
estimated to exceed total contract revenue, the Company provides for foreseeable loss. Contract revenue earned in excess of billing has been reflected as unbilled revenue and billing in excess of contract revenue has been reflected as unearned revenue.
B. Project supplies
Revenue on sale of goods is recognised when the property in goods has been transferred to the buyer for a price or when all significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer such that the seller retains no effective control of the goods transferred to a degree usually associated with ownership. This usually takes place when the goods are delivered to the customer.
In a situation, where transfer of property in goods does not coincide with the transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership, revenue in such a situation is recognised at the time of transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer.
C. Interest income
Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
During the current year, there is no revenue, recognition of which is postponed due to lack of certainty of its ultimate collection.
2.7. Property Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost (i.e., cost of acquisition or construction inclusive of freight, erection and commissioning charges, non-refundable duties and taxes, expenditure during construction period, borrowing costs (in case of a qualifying asset) up to the date of acquisition/ installation).
Depreciation is calculated on written down value method (WDV) using the useful lives as prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
2.8. Impairment of assets
In accordance with AS 28 - Impairment of Assets, the carrying amounts of the Company's assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. For assets in respect of which any such indication exists, the asset's recoverable amount is estimated, at higher of the net selling price and the value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. An impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of an
asset or its cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. If at the Balance Sheet date, there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reinstated at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost.
2.9. Investments
Investments are stated at cost, unless there is permanent diminishing in the value of the investment.
2.10. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consists of interest and other costs incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds.
2.11. Retirement and other employee benefits
A. Defined contribution plan
Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund, Pension Fund and Employees State Insurance Fund are a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the period when the employee renders related services. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective authorities.
B. Defined benefit plan
Gratuity liability for eligible employees is defined benefit obligation and is provided on the basis of management estimation.
C. Leave encashment
The Company does not have any leave encashment policy and all the unutilised leaves lapse at the end of the year.
2.12. Income taxes
Income-tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the period determined in accordance with the income-tax law) and deferred tax charge or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income for the period). Income-tax expense is recognised in Statement of Profit or Loss except that tax expense related to items recognised directly in reserves is also recognised in those reserves.
Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to/ recovered from the taxation authorities, using the applicable tax rates and tax laws.
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income i.e. differences that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognised using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future; however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward loss under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is a virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed as at each balance sheet date and written down or written-up to reflect the amount that is reasonably/ virtually certain (as the case may be) to be realised.
2.13. Earning per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Earnings considered in ascertaining the Company's earnings per share is the net profit or loss for the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period and for all periods presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
2.14. Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
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