Summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information for the year ended 31 March, 2019

1. Company information

Dabur India Limited (the 'Company') is a domestic public limited Company with registered office situated at 8/3, Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi - 110002 and is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE) and National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE). The Company is one of the leading fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) players dealing in consumer care and food products. It has manufacturing facilities across the length and breadth of the country and research and development center in Sahibabad, U.P and selling arrangements primarily in India through independent distributors. However, most of the institutional sales are handled directly by the Company.

2. General information and statement of compliance with Ind AS

These standalone financial statements ('financial statements') of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS') specified under Section 1 33 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act') and other relevant provisions of the Act. The Company has uniformly applied the accounting policies during the periods presented.

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees ('Rs') which is also the functional currency of the Company.

The financial statements for the year ended 31 March, 2019 were authorized and approved for issue by the Board of Directors on 2 May, 2019. The revision to the financial statements is permitted by the Board of Directors after obtaining necessary approvals or at the instance of regulatory authorities as per provisions of the Act.

3. Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on going concern basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in India. Further, the financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities and share based payments which are measured at fair values as explained in relevant accounting policies.

Amount in the financial statements are presented in Rs crores, unless otherwise stated. Certain amounts that are required to be disclosed and do not appear due to rounding-off are expressed as 0.00.

(All amounts in Rs crores, unless otherwise stated) 4. Recent accounting pronouncements

On 30 March, 2019, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendments Rules, 2019 notifying the new leasing standard Ind AS 116, 'Leases'. This amendment replaces Ind AS 17, 'Leases' and related interpretations. Also notifying an insertion of Appendix C, 'Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments' to Ind AS 12, 'Income Taxes', amendment to Ind AS 1 2, 'Income Taxes' and amendment to Ind AS 19, 'Employee Benefits'. The amendments are applicable to the Company from 1 April, 2019.

• Amendment to Ind AS 116, Leases

On 30 March, 201 9, Ministry of Corporate Affairs ('MCA') has clarified that Ind AS 116 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April, 2019 and it replaces Ind AS 1 7 Leases, including appendices thereto. Ind AS 11 6 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under Ind AS 1 7. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees - leases of 'low-value' assets and short-term leases (i.e., leases with a lease term of 12 months or less). At the commencement date of a lease, a lessee will recognise a liability to make lease payments (i.e., the lease liability) and an asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term (i.e., the right-of-use asset). Lessees will be required to separately recognise the interest expense on the lease liability and the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset. The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendment and the effect on the standalone financial statements is being evaluated.

• Amendment to Ind AS 12, Income taxes

On 30 March, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") has notified Appendix C to Ind-AS 12 Income taxes - "Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments". The amendment to Ind AS 1 2 requires the entities to consider recognition and measurement requirements when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. In such a circumstance, an entity shall recognise and measure its current or deferred tax asset or liability accordingly. The effective date of amendment is 1 April, 2019. Further, there has been amendments in relevant paragraphs in Ind-AS 12 "Income Taxes" which clarifies that an entity shall recognize the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognized those past transactions or events in accordance with Ind-AS 109. The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendments and their impact on the standalone financial statements.

• Amendment to Ind AS 19, Employee benefits

On 30 March, 201 9, Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") has issued an amendment to Ind AS 19 which requires the entities to determine current service cost using actuarial assumptions and net interest using discount rate determined at the start of the annual reporting period. However, if an entity re-measures the net defined benefit liability (asset) as per the requirement of the standard, it shall determine current service cost and net interest for the remainder of the annual reporting period after the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement using the actuarial assumptions used to re-measure the net defined benefit liability (asset). The effective date of amendment is April 1, 2019. The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendments and their impact on the standalone financial statements.

• Amendment to Ind AS 23, Borrowing costs

On 30 March, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") issued an amendment to Ind-AS 23 "Borrowing Costs" clarifies that if any specific borrowing remains outstanding after the related asset is ready for its intended use or sale, that borrowing becomes part of the funds that an entity borrows generally when calculating the capitalization rate on general borrowings. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April, 2019. The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendments and their impact on the standalone financial statements.

• Amendment to Ind AS 109, Financial instruments

On 30 March, 201 9, Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") issued an amendment to Ind-AS 109 in respect of prepayment features with negative compensation, which amends the existing requirements in Ind-AS 109 regarding termination rights in order to allow measurement at amortized cost (or, depending on the business model, at fair value through other comprehensive income) even in the case of negative compensation payments. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April, 2019. The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendments and their impact on the standalone financial statements.

5. Summary of significant accounting policies

The financial statements have been prepared using the significant accounting policies and measurement bases summarized below.

a. Current / non-current classification:

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set-out in the Act. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and non-current liabilities, as the case may be.

b. Revenue recognition:

• Revenue from sale of products is recognised when control of products being sold is transferred to customer and when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations. The performance obligations in contracts are considered as fulfilled in accordance with the terms agreed with the respective customers.

Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable and are accounted for net of returns, rebates and trade discount. Sales, as disclosed, are exclusive of goods and services tax.

The Company considers the terms of the contract and its customary business practices to determine the transaction price. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example taxes collected on behalf of government). The consideration promised in a contract with a customer may include fixed consideration, variable consideration (if reversal is less likely in future), or both.

The transaction price is allocated by the Company to each performance obligation in an amount that depicts the amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods to the customer.

For each performance obligation identified, the Company determines at contract inception whether it satisfies the performance obligation over time or satisfies the performance obligation at a point in time.

When either party to a contract has performed its obligation, an entity shall present the contract in the balance sheet as a contract asset or a contract liability, depending on the relationship between the entity's performance and the customer's payment.

• Income from export incentives such as duty drawback, premium on sale of import licenses and lease license fee are recognized on accrual basis when no significant uncertainties as to the amount of consideration that would be derived and as to its ultimate collection exist.

• Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the lease, except for contingent

rental income which is recognized when it arises and where scheduled increase in rent compensates the lessor for expected inflationary costs.

• Interest income is recognized using effective interest method.

• Dividend income is recognized at the time when the right to receive is established by the reporting date.

• Other incomes have been recognized on accrual basis in the financial statements, except when there is uncertainty of collection.

c. Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. These tangible assets are held for use in production, supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes.

• Cost comprises purchase cost, freight, duties, taxes and other expenses directly incidental to acquisition, bringing the asset to the location and installation including site restoration up to the time when the asset is ready for intended use. Such costs also include borrowing cost if the recognition criteria are met.

• When a major inspection/repair occurs, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. Any remaining carrying amount of the cost of previous inspection/repair is derecognized. All other repair and maintenance are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

• Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided over the useful lives of assets as specified in Schedule II to the Act except where the management, has estimated useful life of an asset supported by the technical assessment, external or internal i.e., higher or lower from the indicative useful life given under Schedule II. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

• Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

The residual value and useful life is reviewed annually and any deviation is accounted for as a change in estimate.

• Components relevant to property, plant and equipment, where significant, are separately depreciated on straight line basis in terms of their life span assessed by technical evaluation in item specific context.

• For new projects, all direct expenses and direct overheads (excluding services of non-exclusive nature provided by employees in Company's regular payroll) are capitalized till the assets are ready for intended use.

• During disposal of property, plant and equipment, any profit earned / loss sustained towards excess / shortfall of sale value vis-a-vis carrying cost of assets is accounted for in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

d. Capital work-in-progress and intangible assets under development:

Capital work-in-progress and intangible assets under development represents expenditure incurred in respect of capital projects / intangible assets under development and are carried at cost. Cost comprises of purchase cost, related acquisition expenses, development / construction costs, borrowing costs and other direct expenditure.

e. Investment property:

Properties held to earn rentals or / and for capital appreciation or both but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes, are categorized as investment properties. These are measured initially at cost of acquisition, including transaction costs and other direct costs attributable to bringing asset to its working condition for intended use. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. The cost shall also include borrowing cost if the recognition criteria are met. Said assets are depreciated on straight line basis based on expected life span of assets which is in accordance with Schedule II of the Act.

Significant parts of the property are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives as follows:

Any gain or loss on disposal of investment properties is recognized in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

Fair value of investments properties under each category are disclosed under note 6C to the standalone financial statements. Fair values are determined based

on the evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer applying a recognized and accepted valuation model or estimation based on available sources of information from market.

Transfers to or from the investment property is made only when there is a change in use and the same is made at the carrying amount of investment property.

f. Intangible assets:

• Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost of acquisition. The cost comprises of purchase price and directly attributable costs of bringing the assets to its working condition for intended use. Intangible assets arising on acquisition of business are measured at fair value as at date of acquisition. In case of internally generated assets, measured at development cost subject to satisfaction of recognition criteria (identifiability, control and future economic benefit) in accordance with Ind AS 38 'Intangible Assets'.

• Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

• Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Amortization of intangible assets such as softwares is computed on a straight-line basis, at the rates representing estimated useful life of up to 5 years. The brands and trademarks acquired as part of business combinations normally have a remaining legal life of not exceeding ten years but is renewable every ten years at little cost and is well established.

g. Government subsidy / grants:

Government grant is recognized only when there is a reasonable assurance that the entity will comply with the conditions attached to them and the grants will be received.

• Subsidy related to assets is recognized as deferred income which is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss on systematic basis over the useful life of the assets.

• Purchase of assets and receipts of related grants are separately disclosed in Standalone Statement of Cash Flow.

• Grants related to income are treated as other operating income in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss subject to due disclosure about the nature of grant.

h. Impairment of non-financial assets

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there is any indication based on internal / external factors, that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset or the cash generating unit (CGU) is estimated. If such recoverable amount of the asset or CGU to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount and the reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. If, at the reporting date, there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount. Impairment losses previously recognized are accordingly reversed in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. An asset is deemed impairable when recoverable value is less than its carrying cost and the difference between the two represents provisioning exigency.

i. Impairment of financial assets:

In accordance with Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', the Company applies expected credit loss ('ECU) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss for financial assets. ECL is the weighted-average of difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original effective interest rate, with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. When estimating the cash flows, the Company is required to consider:

• All contractual terms of the financial assets (including prepayment and extension) over the expected life of the assets;

• Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

j. Trade receivables:

In respect of trade receivables, the Company applies the simplified approach of Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', which requires measurement of loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

k. Other financial assets:

In respect of its other financial assets, the Company assesses if the credit risk on those financial assets has

increased significantly since initial recognition. If the credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to 1 2-month expected credit losses, else at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

When making this assessment, the Company uses the change in the risk of a default occurring over the expected life of the financial asset. To make that assessment, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial asset as at the balance sheet date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial asset as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information, that is available without undue cost or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition. The Company assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the financial asset is determined to have low credit risk at the balance sheet date.

I. Financial instruments:

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument and are measured initially at fair value adjusted for transaction costs, except for those carried at fair value through profit or loss which are measured initially at fair value. Subsequent measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities is described below:

Non-derivative financial assets Subsequent measurement

• Financial assets carried at amortized cost

A financial asset is measured at the amortized cost, if both the following conditions are met:

a. The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows; and

b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest ('SPPI') on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate ('EIR') method.

• Investments in equity instruments of subsidiaries and joint ventures

Investments in equity instruments of subsidiaries and joint ventures are accounted for at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27 'Separate Financial Statements'.

• Investments in other equity instruments

Investments in equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL'). For all other equity instruments, the Company makes an irrevocable choice upon initial recognition, on an instrument by instrument basis, to classify the same either as at fair value through other comprehensive income ('FVOCI') or fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL'). Amounts presented in other comprehensive income are not subsequently transferred to profit or loss. However, the Company transfers the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Dividends on such investments are recognized in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.

• Debt instruments

Debt instruments are initially measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income ('FVOCI') or fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL') till de-recognition on the basis of:

a. the entity's business model for managing the financial assets and

b. the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

a. Measured at amortized cost

Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method less impairment, if any. The amortization of EIR and loss arising from impairment, if any is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

b. Measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both, selling financial assets and collecting contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income ('OCI'). Interest income measured using the EIR method and impairment losses, if any are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. On de-recognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from the equity to 'other income' in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

c. Measured at fair value through profit or loss

A financial asset not classified as either amortized cost or FVOCI, is classified as FVTPL. Such financial assets

are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value, including interest income and dividend income if any, recognized as 'other income' in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Investments in mutual funds

Investments in mutual funds are measured at FVTPL. De-recognition of financial assets

A financial asset is primarily de-recognized when the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.

Non-derivative financial liabilities Subsequent measurement

Subsequent to initial recognition, all non-derivative financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

De-recognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is de-recognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derivative financial instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments in the form of future contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposure. The counterparty for these contracts are scheduled commercial banks/ regulated brokerage firms.

Although these derivatives constitute hedges from an economic perspective, they do not qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments' and consequently are categorized as financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. The resulting exchange gain or loss is included in other income / expenses and attributable transaction costs are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

• Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified party fails to make a payment when due in accordance with

the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognized as a financial liability at the time the guarantee is issued at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of expected loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 1 09 'Financial Instruments' and the amount recognized less cumulative amortization.

• Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Standalone Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

m. Fair value measurement:

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each Standalone Balance Sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability; or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based

on the lowest level in put that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company's management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for distribution in discontinued operations.

n. Leases:

Where the Company is the lessee

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Finance leases are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized in finance costs in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company's general policy on the borrowing costs. Contingent rentals are recognized as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Lease other than finance lease is treated as operating lease. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except when the lease rentals, increase are in line with general inflation index.

Where the Company is the lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease, except when the lease rentals, increase are in line with general inflation index. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company's net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

o. Inventories:

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes purchase price, duties, transport, handing costs and other costs directly attributable to the acquisition and bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

The basis of determination of cost is as follows:

• Raw material, packing material and stock-in-trade valued on moving weighted average basis;

• Stores and spares valued on weighted average basis;

• Work-in-progress valued at cost of input valued at moving weighted average basis plus overheads up till the stage of completion; and

• Finished goods valued at cost of in put valued at moving weighted average basis plus appropriate overheads.

p. Employee benefits:

Liabilities in respect of employee benefits to employees are provided for as follows:

• Current employee benefits

a. Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 1 2 months after the end of the period

in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employees' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be incurred when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee dues payable in the Standalone Balance Sheet.

b. Employees' State Insurance ('ESI') is provided on the basis of actual liability accrued and paid to authorities.

c. The Company has adopted a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid / availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the period in which the absences occur.

d. Expense in respect of other short-term benefits is recognized on the basis of the amount paid or payable for the period during which services are rendered by the employee.

• Post separation employee benefit plan a. Defined benefit plan

• Post separation benefits of Directors are accounted for on the basis of actuarial valuation as per Ind AS 19 'Employee Benefits'.

• Gratuity liability accounted for on the basis of actuarial valuation as per Ind AS 19 'Employee Benefits'. Liability recognized in the Standalone Balance Sheet in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of each reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method. The present value of defined benefit is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yield at the end of each reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximate to the terms of the related obligation. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee

benefit expense in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

• The Company contributes its share of contribution to Employees' Provident Fund Scheme administered by a separate trust with its obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, in trust fund arising on account of difference between the return on investments of the trust and the interest rate on provident fund dues notified periodically by the Central Government.

• Actuarial gain / loss pertaining to gratuity and post separation benefits are accounted for as OCI. All remaining components of costs are accounted for in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

b. Defined contribution plans

Liability for superannuation fund is provided on the basis of the premium paid to insurance company in respect of employees covered under Superannuation Fund Policy.

q. Taxation:

Tax expense recognized in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss comprises the sum of deferred tax and current tax except the ones recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Current tax is determined as the tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year and is computed in accordance with relevant tax regulations. Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).

Minimum alternate tax ('MAT') credit entitlement is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that normal income tax will be paid during the specified period. In the year in which MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as MAT credit entitlement. This is reviewed at each balance sheet date and the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement is written down to the extent it is not reasonably certain that normal income tax will be paid during the specified period.

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit under Income-tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates

(and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss is recognized outside Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).

r. Provisions, contingent liability and contingent assets:

• Provisions are recognized only when there is a present obligation, as a result of past events and when a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material.

• Contingent liability is disclosed for:

a. Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control of the Company; or

b. Present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

• Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed except when realization of income is virtually certain, related asset is disclosed.

s. Foreign currency transactions and translations:

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the functional currency, by applying the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Foreign currency monetary items outstanding at the balance sheet date are converted to functional currency using the closing rate. Non-monetary items denominated in a foreign currency which are carried at historical cost are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.

Exchange differences arising on monetary items on settlement, or restatement as at reporting date, at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded, are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

t. Share based payments - Employee Stock Option Scheme ('ESOP'):

The fair value of options granted under Employee Stock Option Plan is recognized as an employee benefits expense with a corresponding increase in equity. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options. The total expense is recognized over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of each period, the entity revises its estimates of the

number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting and service conditions. It recognizes the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. Upon exercise of share options, the proceeds received are allocated to share capital up to the par value of the shares issued with any excess being recorded as share premium.

u. Operating segments:

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ('CODM') of the Company. The CODM is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments of the Company.

v. Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the period attributed to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the effects of all potentially dilutive equity shares.

w. Research and development:

Expenditure on research is recognized as an expense when it is incurred. Expenditure on development which does not meet the criteria for recognition as an intangible asset is recognized as an expense when it is incurred.

Items of property, plant and equipment and acquired intangible assets utilized for research and development are capitalized and depreciated / amortized in accordance with the policies stated for Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets.

x. Borrowing cost:

Borrowing cost consists of interest and other costs incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds and also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the same. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition and/or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalized during the period of time that is necessary to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

y. Cash and cash equivalents:

For the purpose of the Standalone Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cheques in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with banks where the

original maturity is three months or less and other short-term highly liquid investments net of outstanding bank overdrafts and cash credit facilities as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.

z. Significant management judgement in applying accounting policies and estimation uncertainty:

The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires the management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities.

• Evaluation of indicators for impairment of assets

The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires, the management to make an assessment of several external and internal factors which could result in deterioration of recoverable amount of the assets.

• Classification of leases

The Company executes leasing arrangements for various assets. The classification of the leasing arrangement as a finance lease or operating lease is based on management's assessment of several factors, including but not limited to, transfer of ownership of leased asset at the end of lease term, lessee's option to purchase and estimated certainty of exercise of such option, proportion of lease term to the asset's economic life, proportion of present value of minimum lease payments to fair value of leased assets and extent of specialized nature of the leased asset.

• Recoverability of advances/ receivables

At each balance sheet date, based on historical default rates observed over expected life, the management assesses the expected credit losses on outstanding receivables and advances.

• Defined benefit obligation ('DBO')

Management's estimate of the DBO is based on a number of underlying assumptions such as standard rates of inflation, mortality, discount rate and anticipation of future salary increases. Variation in these assumptions may significantly impact the DBO amount and the annual defined benefit expenses.

• Provisions

At each balance sheet date basis the management judgment, changes in facts and legal aspects, the Company assesses the requirement of provisions against the outstanding contingent liabilities. However, the actual future outcome may be different from this judgement.

• Contingencies

Contingent liabilities may arise from the ordinary course of business in relation to claims against

the Company, (refer note 45). By their nature, contingencies will be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence, and potential quantum, of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgments by management and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.

• Fair value measurements

Management applies valuation techniques to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active market quotes are not available) and share based payments. This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price the instrument. The Company engages third party valuers, where required, to perform the valuation. Information about the valuation techniques and inputs used in determining the fair value of various assets, liabilities and share based payments are disclosed in the notes to standalone financial statements.

• Inventories

The Company estimates the net realizable values of inventories, taking into account the most reliable evidence available at each reporting date. The future realization of these inventories may be affected by future demand or other market-driven changes that may reduce future selling prices.

• Useful lives of depreciable/amortizable assets

Management reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable / amortizable assets at each reporting date, based on the expected utility of the assets. Uncertainties in these estimates relate to technical and economic obsolescence that may change the utility of assets.

• Valuation of investment property

Investment property is stated at cost. However, as per Ind AS 40 'Investment Property', there is a requirement to disclose fair value as at the balance sheet date. The Company engages independent valuation specialists to determine the fair value of its investment property as at reporting date.

• Income taxes

The Company's tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid / recovered for uncertain tax positions (refer note 41). The extent to which deferred tax assets/ minimum alternate tax credit can be recognized is based on management's assessment of the probability of the future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets/minimum alternate tax credit can be utilized.