2. Material accounting policies information and Basis of preparation

2.1 Basis of preparation

(i) Statement of compliance

These Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS') as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, ("the Act"), Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The Financial Statements of the Company for the year ended 31 March 2024 are approved for issue by the Company's Audit Committee and the Board of Directors on 30 May 2024.

(ii) Functional and presentation currency

These Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the Company's functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest lakhs, unless otherwise stated.

(iii) Basis of measurement

The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items which have been measured at fair value amount -

(iv) Use of estimates and judgements

In preparation of these Financial Statements, management has made judgements, estimates, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and

expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revision to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively. In particular, information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Financial Statements is included in the following notes.

Judgements

• Lease classification - Note 41 Estimates

• Recognition and estimation of tax expense including deferred tax- Note 33.

• Estimated impairment of financial assets and nonfinancial assets - Note 2.3(s) and (g).

• Assessment of useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible asset - Note 2.3(a) and (b) and investment property (d).

• Estimation of obligations relating to employee benefits: key actuarial assumptions - Note 39.

• Valuation of Inventories - Note 2.3(h).

• Recognition and measurement of provision and contingency: Key assumption about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources - Note 38.

(v) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when:

• It is expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• It is expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period; or

• It is cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other assets as non-current. A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities respectively.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle for the purpose of current- non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(vi) Measurement of fair values

A number of the Company's accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. The management regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the management assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

Significant valuation issues are reported to the Company's Audit Committee.

Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

note 2.1 (iv) regarding significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is de-recognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

A property, plant and equipment is eliminated from the Financial Statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Assets retired from active use and held for disposal are generally stated at the lower of their net book value and net realizable value. Any gain or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Once classified as held-for-sale, property, plant and equipment are no longer depreciated.

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably

Depreciation

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on a straight-line basis to allocate their cost, net of their estimated residual values, over the estimated useful lives and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The identified components are depreciated over

depreciated over the primary lease period or the estimated useful life of leasehold improvements, whichever is shorter. Freehold land is not depreciated.

The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its property, plant and equipment: -

The management has considered lives as indicated in Schedule II of the Act except for certain class of assets where the life is estimated based on internal technical assessment made by the management and has not followed the scheduled II. Also assets costing INR 5,000 or less are depreciated at the rate of 100%.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted, if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a prorata basis i.e. from (up to) the date on which the asset is ready for use (disposed of).

b) Intangible assets

Recognition and initial measurement

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of an item of intangible asset comprises its purchase price, including import duties and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working

condition for its intended use. Any trade discount and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in the Statement of Profit or Loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use and disposal. Losses arising from retirement and gains or losses arising from disposal of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Subsequent measurement

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Amortisation

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

- Software

Softwares purchased by the Company are amortized on a straight-line basis in 6 years.

- New product development

Amounts paid towards technical know-how fees and other expenses for specifically identified projects/products being development expenditure is carried forward based on assessment of benefits arising from such expenditure. Such expenditure is amortized over the period of expected future sales from the related product, i.e. the estimated period of 6 years on straight line basis based on past

trends, commencing from the month of commencement of commercial production.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

Amortization method, useful lives and residual lives are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted, if appropriate.

- Transition to Ind AS

The cost of property, plant and equipment at 1 April 2016, the Company's date of transition to Ind AS, was determined with reference to its carrying value recognised as per the previous GAAP (deemed cost), as at the date of transition to Ind AS.

c) Leases

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for Land and Buildings. The Company, at the inception of a contract, assesses whether the contract is a lease or not lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a time in exchange for a consideration. This policy has been applied to contracts existing and entered into on or after 1 April 2019.

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. It is re-measured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is re-measured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of- use asset, or

is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense over the lease term.

The Company has applied the practical expedient to grandfather the definition of a lease on transition. This means that it has applied Ind AS 116 to all the contracts entered into before 1 April 2019 and identified as leases in accordance with Ind AS 17.

d) Investment property

Recognition and initial measurement

I nvestment properties are properties held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both. Investment properties are measured initially at their cost of acquisition, including transaction costs. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost, if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discount and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit or loss as incurred.

The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Transfers are made to (or from) investment property only when there is a change in use. For a transfer from investment property to owner-occupied property, the deemed cost for subsequent accounting is the carrying value at the date of change in use. Subsequent measurement (depreciation and useful lives) Investment properties are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Depreciation on investment properties is provided on the straight-line method over the useful lives of the assets as follows:

The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

The residual values, useful lives and method of depreciation are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted prospectively. Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer applying valuation model acceptable internationally.

De-recognition

Investment properties are de-recognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the period of de-recognition.

e) Assets held for sale

Non-current assets, or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities, are classified as held for sale if it is highly probable that they will be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use.

Such assets are generally measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Once classified as held for sale, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and investment properties are no longer amortised or depreciated.

Non-current assets classified as held-for-sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet.

f) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost includes interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs), amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they are incurred.

g) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cashgenerating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest Group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an individual asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does

not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

The Company's corporate assets do not generate independent cash inflows. To determine impairment of a corporate asset, recoverable amount is determined for the CGUs to which the corporate asset belongs.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognized in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.

I n regard to assets for which impairment loss has been recognized in prior period, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

h) Inventories

Inventories which includes raw materials, components, stores and spares, work in progress, finished goods and loose tools are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. However, raw materials, components and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or

above cost or in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

• Raw materials and components: Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The Cost of raw materials, components, stores and spares is determined on weighted average basis.

• Finished goods and work in progress: Cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The net realizable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

Raw materials and other supplies held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases when a decline in the price of materials indicates that the cost of the finished products shall exceed the net realisable value.

The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

i) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition or an average rate if the average rate approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or

loss is recognized in OCI or the Statement of Profit and Loss are also recognized in OCI or the Statement of Profit and Loss, respectively).

j) Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

However, Goods and Services Tax (GST) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is a tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognized.

Sale of goods

The Company recognized revenue when (or as) a performance obligation was satisfied, i.e. when 'control' of the goods underlying the particular performance obligation were transferred to the customer.

Further, revenue from sale of goods is recognized based on a 5-Step Methodology which is as follows:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

Step 2: Identify the performance obligation in the contract

Step 3: Determine the transaction price

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for volume discounts, service level credits, performance bonuses, price concessions and incentives, if any, as specified in the contract with the customer. Revenue also excludes taxes collected from customers.

Contract assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified as unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is an unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.

Unearned or deferred revenue is recognised when there is billings in excess of revenues.

Contracts are subject to modification to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. The Company reviews modifications to contract in conjunction with the original contract, basis which the transaction price could be allocated to a new performance obligation, or transaction price of an existing obligation could undergo a change. In the event transaction price is revised for existing obligation, a cumulative adjustment is accounted for.

Use of significant judgements in revenue recognition:

a) The Company's contracts with customers could include promises to transfer products to a customer. The Company assesses the products promised in a contract and identifies distinct performance obligations in the contract. Identification of distinct performance obligation involves judgement to determine the deliverables and the ability of the customer to benefit independently from such deliverables.

b) Judgement is also required to determine the transaction price for the contract. The transaction price could be either a fixed amount of customer consideration or variable consideration with elements such as volume discounts, service level credits, performance bonuses, price concessions and incentives. The transaction price is also adjusted for the effects of the time value of money if the contract includes a significant financing component. Any consideration payable to the customer is adjusted to the transaction price, unless it is a payment for a distinct product or service from the customer. The estimated amount of variable consideration is adjusted in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur and is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. The Company allocates the elements of variable considerations to all the performance obligations of the contract unless there is observable evidence that they pertain to one or more distinct performance obligations.

c) The Company uses judgement to determine an appropriate selling price for a performance obligation. The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on the basis of the relative selling price of each distinct product or service promised in the contract.

d) The Company exercises judgement in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over a period of time. The Company considers indicators such as how customer consumes benefits as services are rendered or who controls

enforceable right to payment for performance to dat and alternate use of such product or service, transfc of significant risks and rewards to the custome acceptance of delivery by the customer, etc.

Rendering of services

Revenue from services rendered is recognized in th Statement of Profit or Loss in proportion to the stage o completion of the transaction at the reporting date. Th stage of completion is assessed by reference to surveys o work performed.

Job work and development charges are recognized upo full completion of the job work and development service and when all the significant risks and rewards of ownershi of the goods have been passed to the buyer, on delivery c the goods and no significant uncertainty exists regardin' the collection of the consideration.

Impairment of trade receivables:

The allowance for expected credit losses for trad receivables and contract assets are calculated at individua level when there is an indication of impairment.

k) Income tax

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss except to th extent that it relates to a business combination or to an iter recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensiv income.

The Company has determined that uncertain ta treatments, do not meet the definition of income taxes, an therefore accounted for them under Ind AS 37 Provision: Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable o receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year an any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respec of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects th best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid o received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related t income taxes.

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measure: at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid t the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws use: to compute the amount are those that are enacted o substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognized outsid profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (eithe in other comprehensive income or in equity). Currer

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transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the Balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits.

Deferred tax is not recognised for:

• temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that:

- is not a business combination; and

- at the time of the transaction (i) affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss and (ii) does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences

• temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

• taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans of the Company. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable

are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

l) Recognition of Dividend Income and Interest income

Dividend income is recognized when the Company's right to receive the payment is established by the reporting date.

Interest income or expense is recognized using the effective interest method ('EIR').

EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired). When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit- impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.

m) Government grants

The Company is entitled for export incentives which are recognised as income when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the exports made, and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export

proceeds. These are presented as other operating revenue in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

n) Recognition of interest expense

Interest expense is recognized using effective interest method.

The 'effective interest rate' is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial instrument to the amortized cost of the financial liability.

In calculating interest expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the amortized cost of the liability.

o) Segment reporting Basis for segmentation

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Company's other components, and for which discrete financial information is available. The Company is primarily engaged in the manufacturing of auto components of four wheeler industry. All operating segments' operating results are reviewed regularly by the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments and assess their performance. CODM believes that these are governed by same set of risks and returns hence CODM reviews as one balance sheet component.

p) Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic earnings / (loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to the shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding at the end of the reporting period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares, except where the