1. Corporate Information

JTEKT India Limited ("the Company") is a Public Limited Company incorporated and domiciled in India having CIN Number CIN: L29113DL1984PLC018415 and having its registered office at UGF-6, Indraprakash 21, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001. The equity shares of the Company are listed on BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing steering systems & other auto components for passenger car and utility vehicle manufacturers in the automobile sector.

2. Material accounting policies information and Basis of preparation

2.1 Basis of preparation

(i) Statement of compliance

These Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS') as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, ("the Act"), Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The Financial Statements of the Company for the year ended 31 March 2025 are approved for issue by the Company's Audit Committee and the Board of Directors on 23 May 2025.

(ii) Functional and presentation currency

These Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the Company's functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest lakhs, unless otherwise stated.

(iii) Basis of measurement

The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items which have been measured at fair value amount -

(iv) Use of estimates and judgements

In preparation of these Financial Statements, management has made judgements, estimates, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revision to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively. In particular, information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Financial Statements is included in the following notes.

Judgements

• Lease classification - Note 41 Estimates

• Recognition and estimation of tax expense including deferred tax- Note 33

• Estimated impairment of financial assets and nonfinancial assets - Note 2.3(r) and (f)

• Assessment of useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible asset - Note 2.3(a) and (b)

• Estimation of obligations relating to employee benefits: key actuarial assumptions - Note 39

• Valuation of Inventories - Note 2.3(g)

• Recognition and measurement of provision and contingency: Key assumption about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources - Note 38

(v) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when:

• It is expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• It is expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period; or

• It is cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other assets as non-current. A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities respectively.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle for the purpose of current- non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(vi) Measurement of fair values

A number of the Company's accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. The management regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the management assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

Significant valuation issues are reported to the Company's audit committee.

Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in Note 46 - Financial instrument.

2.2 Changes in material accounting policies

There are no significant changes in the material accounting policies during the year.

2.3 Summary of material accounting policies information.

a) Property, plant and equipment Recognition and measurement

Freehold land is carried at historical cost less any accumulated impairment losses, if any. All other items of property, plant and equipment (including capital-work-in progress) are measured at cost, which includes capitalized borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment includes its purchase price, import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, duties or levies, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any other directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and estimated cost of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which it is located. Refer to note 2.1 (iv) regarding significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is de-recognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

A property, plant and equipment is eliminated from the Financial Statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Assets retired from active use and held for disposal are generally stated at the lower of their net book value and net realizable value. Any gain or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Once classified as held-for-sale, property, plant and equipment are no longer depreciated.

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably

Depreciation

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on a straight-line basis to allocate their cost, net of their estimated residual values, over the estimated useful lives and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The identified components are depreciated over their useful life; the remaining asset is depreciated over the life of the principal asset. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the primary lease period or the estimated useful life of leasehold improvements, whichever is shorter. Freehold land is not depreciated. The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its property, plant and equipment: -

The management has considered lives as indicated in Schedule II of the Act except for certain class of assets where the life is estimated based on internal technical assessment made by the management and has not followed the scheduled II. Also, assets costing Rs 5,000 or less are depreciated at the rate of 100%.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted, if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of

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useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a prorata basis i.e. from (up to) the date on which the asset is ready for use (disposed of).

b) Intangible assets

Recognition and initial measurement

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of an item of intangible asset comprises its purchase price, including import duties and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Any trade discount and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in the Statement of Profit or Loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use and disposal. Losses arising from retirement and gains or losses arising from disposal of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Subsequent measurement

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Amortisation

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

- Software

Softwares purchased by the Company are amortized on a straight-line basis in 6 years.

- New product development

Amounts paid towards technical know-how fees and other expenses for specifically identified projects/products being development expenditure is carried forward based on assessment of benefits arising from such expenditure. Such expenditure is amortized over the period of expected future sales from the related product, i.e. the estimated period of 6 years on straight line basis based on past trends, commencing from the month of commencement of commercial production.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

Amortization method, useful lives and residual lives are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted, if appropriate.

- Transition to Ind AS

The cost of property, plant and equipment at 1 April 2016, the Company's date of transition to Ind AS, was determined with reference to its carrying value recognised as per the previous GAAP (deemed cost), as at the date of transition to Ind AS.

c) Leases

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for Land and Buildings and computers. The Company, at the inception of a contract, assesses whether the contract is a lease or not lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a time in exchange for a consideration. This policy has been applied to contracts existing and entered into on or after 1 April 2019.

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of- use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. It is re-measured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is re-measured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of- use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense over the lease term.

The Company has applied the practical expedient to grandfather the definition of a lease on transition. This means that it has applied Ind AS 116 to all the contracts entered into before 1 April 2019 and identified as leases in accordance with Ind AS 17.

d) Investment property

Recognition and initial measurement

Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Investment properties are measured initially at their cost of acquisition, including transaction costs. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost, if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discount and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit or loss as incurred.

The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs

are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Transfers are made to (or from) investment property only when there is a change in use. For a transfer from investment property to owner-occupied property, the deemed cost for subsequent accounting is the carrying value at the date of change in use. Subsequent measurement (depreciation and useful lives) Investment properties are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Depreciation on investment properties is provided on the straight-line method over the useful lives of the assets as follows:

Leasehold land (ROU assets) is amortized over the lease period.

The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

The residual values, useful lives and method of depreciation are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted prospectively. Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer applying valuation model acceptable internationally.

De-recognition

Investment properties are de-recognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the period of de-recognition.

e) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost includes interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs), amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they are incurred.

f) Impairment of non-financiat assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cashgenerating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest Group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an individual asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

The Company's corporate assets do not generate independent cash inflows. To determine impairment of a corporate asset, recoverable amount is determined for the CGUs to which the corporate asset belongs.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognized in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.

In regard to assets for which impairment loss has been recognized in prior period, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

g) Inventories

Inventories which includes raw materials, components, stores and spares, work in progress, finished goods and loose tools are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. However, raw materials, components and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost or in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

• Raw materials, components, stock in trade, stores and spares, and loose tools: Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The Cost of raw materials, components, stores and spares and loose tools is determined on weighted average basis.

• Finished goods and work in progress: Cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The net realizable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

Raw materials and other supplies held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases when a decline in the price of materials indicates that the cost of the finished products shall exceed the net realisable value.

The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

h) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition or an average rate if the average rate approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognized in OCI or the Statement of Profit and Loss are also recognized in OCI or the Statement of Profit and Loss, respectively).

i) Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and

the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

However, Goods and Services Tax (GST) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is a tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognized.

Sale of goods

The Company recognized revenue when (or as) a performance obligation was satisfied, i.e. when 'control' of the goods underlying the particular performance obligation were transferred to the customer. Transfer of control coincides with the terms agreed with the customer

i.e. either on dispatch or when the goods are delivered and have been accepted by the customer at their premises.

Further, revenue from sale of goods is recognized based on a 5-Step Methodology which is as follows:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

Step 2: Identify the performance obligation in the contract Step 3: Determine the transaction price

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for discounts, and price concessions, if any, as specified in the contract with the customer. Revenue also excludes taxes collected from customers.

Contract assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified as unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is an unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.

Unearned or deferred revenue is recognised when there is billings in excess of revenues.

Contracts are subject to modification to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. The Company reviews modifications to contract in conjunction with the original contract, basis which the transaction price could be allocated to a new performance obligation,

or transaction price of an existing obligation could undergo a change. In the event transaction price is revised for existing obligation, a cumulative adjustment is accounted for.

Rendering of services (including business support income)

Revenue from services is recognized on rendering of services to customer in accordance with the terms of contract with the customer.

j) Income tax

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

The Company has determined that uncertain tax treatments, do not meet the definition of income taxes, and therefore accounted for them under Ind AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes.

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the Balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits.

Deferred tax is not recognised for temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that:

- is not a business combination; and

- at the time of the transaction (i) affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss and (ii) does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans of the Company. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

k) Recognition of Interest income

Interest income or expense is recognized using the effective interest method ('EIR').

EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired). When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit- impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.

l) Government grants

The Company is entitled for export incentives which are recognised as income when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the exports made, and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds. These are presented as other operating revenue in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

m) Recognition of interest expense

Interest expense is recognized using effective interest method.

The 'effective interest rate' is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial instrument to the amortized cost of the financial liability.

In calculating interest expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the amortized cost of the liability.

n) Segment reporting Basis for segmentation

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Company's other components, and for which discrete financial information is available. The Company is primarily engaged in the manufacturing of auto components of four wheeler industry. All operating segments' operating results are reviewed regularly by the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments and assess their performance. CODM believes that these are governed by same set of risks and returns hence CODM reviews as one balance sheet component.

o) Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic earnings / (loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to

the shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding at the end of the reporting period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares, except where the results will be anti-dilutive.

p) Provisions (Other than employee benefits)

General Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.

Where the Company expects some or all of the expenditure required to settle a provision will be reimbursed by another party, the reimbursement is recognised when, and only when, it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the entity settles the obligation. The reimbursement is treated as a separate asset.

Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost.

Warranty provisions

Provision for warranty related costs are recognized when the product is sold or service provided and is based on historical experience. The provision is based on technical evaluation/ historical warranty data and after weighting of all possible outcomes by their associated probabilities. The estimate of such warranty related costs is revised annually. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount of a provision is the present value of the expenditure expected to be required to settle the obligation.

Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably.

Contingent asset

Contingent asset is not recognised in the financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognized.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

q) Employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of receiving employee services are classified as short-term employee benefits. These benefits include salaries and wages, bonus and ex-gratia. Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay the amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

ii. Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions to a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions to the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner towards provident fund, superannuation fund scheme, National Pension Scheme and employee state insurance scheme ('ESI'). Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

iii. Defined benefit plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan, which requires contributions to be made to LIC of India. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective trust.

The Company has an obligation towards gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees. The plan provides for a lump sum payment

to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount based on the respective employee's salary and the tenure of employment. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service.

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company's net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method, which recognizes each year of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measure each unit separately to build up the final obligation. The obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of obligation under defined benefit plans, are based on the market yields on Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in OCI. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds. This rate is applied on the net defined benefit liability (asset), both as determined at the start of the annual reporting period, taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in profit or loss.

iv. Other long term employee benefits Compensated absences

The employees can carry forward a portion of the unutilized accrued compensated absences and utilize it in future service periods or receive cash compensation on termination of employment or during the course of employment in certain grade of employees. Since the compensated absences do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service and are also not expected to be utilized wholly within twelve months after the end of such period, the benefit is classified as a long-term employee benefit. The Company records an obligation for such compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that

increase this entitlement. The obligation is measured on the basis of independent actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Further, a certain portion of compensated absence obligation is classified as current liability based on the independent actuarial valuation.

r) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus or minus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss ('FVTPL'), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.

Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at:

- Amortized cost;

- fair value through other comprehensive income

(FVOCI) - debt investment;

- fair value through other comprehensive income

(FVOCI) - equity investment, or

- fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium

on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables. Company has recognized financial assets viz. security deposit, trade receivables, employee advances at amortized cost.

A debt instrument is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments included within the FVOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is re-classified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment's fair value in OCI (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Business model assessment

The Company makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:

- the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. These include whether management's strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realising cash flows through the sale of the assets;

- how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Company's management;

- the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed;

- the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.

Financial assets that are held for trading or are managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at FVTPL.

Financial assets: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest

For the purpose of this assessment 'Principal' is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. 'Interest' is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and costs (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as a profit margin.

In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Company considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making the assessment, the Company considers:

- contingent events that would change the amounts or timings of cash flows;

- terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable interest rate features;

- prepayment and extension features; and

- terms that limit the Company's claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non - recourse features)

A prepayment feature is consistent with the solely payments of principal and interest criterion if the prepayment amount substantially represents unpaid amounts of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, which may include reasonable additional compensation for early termination of the contract. Additionally, for a financial asset acquired at a significant discount or premium to its contractual par amount, as feature that permits or requires prepayment at an amount that substantially represents the contractual par amount plus accrued (but unpaid) contractual interest (which may

also include reasonable additional compensation for early termination) is treated as consistent with this criterion if the fair value of the prepayment feature is insignificant at initial recognition.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held for trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognized in profit or loss.

Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire. The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognized in profit or loss.

Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

The Company uses derivative instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts and currency swaps to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposure. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value and changes therein are generally recognized in profit and loss.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company recognizes loss allowances for expected credit losses on:

- Financial assets measured at amortized cost; and

- Financial assets measured at FVOCI - debt instruments.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt instruments at FVOCI are credit-impaired. A financial asset is 'credit-impaired' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit - impaired includes the following observable data:

For recognition of impairment loss on financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECL.

Measurement of expected credit tosses

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive).

Presentation of allowance for expected credit losses in the balance sheet

Loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

For debt securities at FVOCI, the loss allowance is charged to Statement of the Profit and Loss and is recognized in OCI.

Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write- off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with Company's procedures for the recovery of amount due.

Impairment of financial instruments

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for the measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a. Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortized cost e.g., deposits and advances

b. Trade receivables that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115

c. Financial guarantee contracts that are not measured as at FVTPL.

The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on Trade receivables.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

• All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument

• Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in

the Statement of Profit and Loss. This amount is reflected under the head 'other expenses' in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:

• Financial assets measured as at amortized cost and contractual revenue receivables: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

• Loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts: ECL is presented as a provision in the balance sheet, i.e. as a liability.

For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.

The allowance for expected credit losses for trade receivables and contract assets are calculated at individual level when there is an indication of impairment.

s) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at banks, cash on hand and short-term deposits with a maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

t) Cash dividend and non-cash distribution to equity holders of the parent

The Company recognizes a liability to make cash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorized and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorized when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognized directly in equity.

u) Corporate Social Responsibility (“CSR") expenditure:

CSR expenditure incurred by the Company is charged to the Statement of the Profit and Loss.

v) Research and development:

Expenditure on research and development activities is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalized as part of cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses, if any.

w) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the company are aggregated.

x) Exceptional items

On certain occasions, the size, type or incidence of an item of income or expense, pertaining to the ordinary activities of the Company is such that its disclosure improves the understanding of the performance of the Company. Such income or expense is classified as an exceptional item and accordingly, disclosed in the financial statements.

y) Standards issued but not yet effective

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On 7 May 2025, MCA issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2025, which made certain amendments to Ind AS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, effective from 1 April 2025. These amendments define currency exchangeability, provide guidance on estimating spot exchange rates when a currency is not exchangeable and include related disclosure requirements. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.