B. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The accompanying financial statements are prepared and presented under the historical cost
convention, unless otherwise stated, and on accrual basis of accounting, in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in India (Indian GAAP).
The Company has prepared in accordance with the requirement of the Insurance Act, 1938, as
amended (the "Insurance Act") read with the Insurance Regulatory and Development
Authority Act, 1999 (the "IRDAI Act"), the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
(Preparation of Financial Statements and Auditor's Report of Insurance Companies)
Regulations, 2002 (the "Regulations"), the regulations/orders/directions/circulars/guidelines
issued by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (the "IRDAI") and the
Companies Act, 2013 as amended (the "Act"), in this regard and in accordance with the
accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Accounting Standards specified
under section 133 of the Act read with the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2021
specified under section 133 of the Act to the extent applicable and in the manner so required.
The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees rounded off to the nearest thousand.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the
management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent
liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
management's best knowledge of current events and actions, Management believes that the
estimated used in the preparation of financial statements are prudent and reasonable
uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a
material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods. Actual
results may differ from the estimates and assumption and any revision to accounting estimates
is recognized in the year in which they actually materialize.
(c) - Revenue Recognition
Ý . (i) Premium Income
Premium (net of "Goods and Service Tax") is recognized as income on the
commencement of risk after adjusting for unearned premium (unexpired risk). Any
subsequent revision or cancellation of premiums are accounted for in the year in which
they occur.
Unearned Premium Reserve
Unearned Premium Reserve (UPR) means an amount representing that part of the
premium written (net of reinsurance ceded) which is attributable and to be allocated to
the succeeding accounting periods. In accordance with IRDAI circular dated April 4, 2016
reserve for unexpired is calculated at 50% of the net premium of preceding twelve
months.
Premium Deficiency
Premium Deficiency Reserve is recognized at the Company level. The reserve held in
excess of the unearned premium reserve, which allows for any expectation that the
unearned premium reserve will be insufficient to cover the cost of claims and related
expenses incurred during the period of unexpired risk. Assessment of expected claim
cost and related expenses is certified by the Appointed Actuary in accordance with IRDAI
(Assets, Liabilities and Solvency margin of General Insurance Business) Regulation, 2016.
pi) Reinsurance ceded
Reinsurance premium ceded is accounted in the year in which the risk commences and
over the period of risk in accordance with the treaty arrangement with the reinsurers.
Any subsequent revision to, refunds or cancellations of premium are recognized in the
year in which they occur.
(iii) Commission on Reinsurance Premium
Commission received on reinsurance ceded is recognized as income in the period in
which reinsurance premium is ceded. Profit commission under re-insurance treaties,
wherever applicable, is recognized in the year of final determination of the profits and
as intimated by Reinsurer..
(iv) Interest / Dividend Income
Interest income is recognized on accrual basis. Dividend income is recognized when the
right to receive the dividend Is established.
fv) Premium/discount on purchase of investments
Accretion of discount and amortization of premium relating to debt securities is
recognized over the holding/maturity period on a constant yield to maturity method.
However, in case of securities..with put/call option,, the accretion of discount or
amortization of premium is recognized till the date of such call/put option instead of
maturity period of security.
(vi) Profit/Loss on Sale/Redemption of Investments
Profit and Loss on saie/redemption of investments, being the difference between sale
consideration/redemption values and carrying value of investments (i.e, weighted
average value) is credited or charged to Revenue or/and Profit and Loss account as
applicable.
The profit/loss on sale of mutual funds/equity/alternative investment funds include
accumulated changes in the fair value previously recognized in 'Fair Value Change
Account' in respect of a particular security. Sale consideration for the purpose of realized
gain/loss is net of brokerage and taxes, if any, and excludes interest received on sale.
(d) Acquisition Cost of Insurance Contracts
Acquisition costs are those costs that vary with, and are primarily related to the acquisition
of new and renewal of insurance contracts viz. commission, policy issue expenses, etc. These
costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
(e) Premium received in advance
Premium received in advance represents premium received in respect of those policies
issued during the year where the risk commences subsequent to the balance sheet date.
(f) Claims/Benefits Incurred
Claims incurred comprises of claims/benefits paid, change in estimated liability for
outstanding claims, change in estimated liability for claims incurred but not reported (IBNR)
and claims incurred but not enough reported (IBNER) and specific settlement costs
comprising legal and other directly attributable expenses.
Provision is made for estimated value of outstanding claims/benefits at the Balance Sheet
date net of claims recoverable from reinsurance. Such provision is made on the basis of the
ultimate amounts that are likely to be paid on each ciaim/benefits, established by the
management in light of past experience and progressively modified for changes as
appropriate, on availability of further information and include claim settlement costs likely
to be incurred to settle outstanding claims.
Claims/benefits (net of amounts receivable from reinsurers/coinsurers) are recognized on
the date of intimation based on estimates from insured in the respective revenue accounts'..
IBNR and IBNER
The estimated liability for claims incurred but not reported (IBNR) and claims incurred but
not enough reported (IBNER) is estimated by the Appointed Actuary in compliance with
guidelines issued by IRDAI vide circular No. 11/1RDA/ACTL/IBNR/2005-06 dated June 8, 2005
and ALSM Regulation 2016 with applicable provisions of Actuarial Practice Standards 21
issued by the Institute of Actuaries of India. The Appointed Actuary uses generally accepted
actuarial methods for each product category as considered appropriate depending upon the
availability of past data.
IBNR reserves are provisions for claims that may have been incurred during the accounting
period but have not been reported or claimed. The IBNR provision also includes provision,
for claims that have been incurred but are not enough reported (IBNER). The provision for
IBNR and IBNER is based on actuarial estimate duly certified by the Appointed Actuary of the
Company.
Provision is made for estimated value of claims which have not been reported to the
Company at the Balance Sheet date net of reinsurance, and other recoveries. Such provision
is made on the basis of the ultimate amounts that are likely to be paid on each claim,
established by the management in light of past experience and progressively modified for
changes as appropriate, on availability of further information and include claim settlement
costs likely to be incurred to settle outstanding claims.
(g) Allocation of Investment Income: segregation between Policyholders and Shareholders
funds
Investment income earned on policyholders' investments funds at Balance Sheet date have
been credited to Revenue Account and Investment income earned on shareholders'
investments funds at balance sheet date have been credited to Profit & Loss Account.
Investment income which is not directly identifiable has been allocated on the basis of the
ratio of directly attributable investment income earned on shareholders' investments funds
and policyholders' investments funds on the basis of actual investment holdings bifurcated
according to the IRDAI Circular No. IRDA/F&A/CIR/ CPM/0S6/03/2016 dated 4 April 2016
with effect from 1 October 2016.
Investment income across segments within the Revenue account has also been allocated on
the basis of segment-wise gross written premium.
(h) . Investments. ' • . .
Investments are made and accounted for in accordance with the Insurance Act, 1938,
Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority (Investment) Regulations, 2000 & 2016 as
amended and various other circulars/notifications issued by the IRDA in this context from
time to time.
Investments are recorded at cost including acquisition charges (such as brokerage, transfer
charges etc.) if any and exclude interest accrued up to the date of purchase.
Debt securities, including Government securities are considered as 'held to maturity' and
accordingly stated at historical cost subject to amortization of premium or accretion of
discount on constant yield to maturity basis in the Revenue Account and in the Profit and
Loss Account over the period of maturity/holding.
Classification:
Investments maturing within twelve months from Balance Sheet date and investments made
with the specific intention to dispose off within twelve months from Balance Sheet date are
classified as short-term investments. Investments other than short term investments are
classified as longterm investments.
The investments funds are segregated into Policyholders' and Shareholders' fund on security
level basis in compliance with circular no IRDA/F&A/CIR/CPM/056/03/2016 dated - April
04, 2016. Subsequently, IRDAI issued circular IRDA/F&A/CIR/CPM/010/01/2017 dated -
January 12, 2017 to "bifurcate the Policyholders' and Shareholders' funds at the end of each
quarter at the "fund level" on "notional basis". The Company continues to follow the practice
of segregating investments into Policyholders' and Shareholders funds at the end of each
quarter at the "fund level" on "notional basis".
Listed and Unlisted securities
Listed and actively traded securities are stated at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date
being the lowest of the last quoted closing price of the stock exchanges where the securities
are listed. Unrealized gain/losses due to change in fair value of listed securities is
credited/debited to 'Fair Value Change Account'.
Unlisted Securities are stated at cost. The realized gain or loss on the listed and actively
traded securities and mutual funds is the difference between the sale consideration and the
weighted average cost as on the date of sale, includes the accumulated changes in the fair
value previously taken to the fair value change account, in respect of the particular security;
such loss or gain is transferred to Revenue account or/and Profit and Loss Account as
applicable on the trade date.
Investments in units of Mutual funds are valued at Net Asset Value (NAV) as at Balance-Sheet
date. Unrealized gains/losses are credited/debited to the 'Fair Value Change Account'.
Investment Impairment Policy
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether any impairment has occurred in
respect of investments. The impairment loss if any, is recognized in the profit and loss
account and the carrying value of such investment is reduced to its recoverable value. If on
the assessment at the balance sheet date a previously impaired loss no longer exists, then
such loss is reversed to the Profit and Loss Account and the investment is restated to that
extent.
Ý Fair Value Change Account
'Fair Value Change Account' represents unrealized gains or losses-due to change in fair value
of traded securities and mutual fund units outstanding at the close of the year. The balance
in the account is considered as a component of policyholder's fund and shareholder's funds
respectively basis on mutual fund mapped and not available for distribution as dividend. As
per the IRDAI circular dated January 12,2017 fair value changes has been bifurcated between
shareholder and policyholder.
(i) Fixed Assets and Depreciation
Tangible assets and depreciation
Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition (including incidental expenses relating to
acquisition and installation of assets) and expenses directly attributable to bringing the asset
to its working condition for its intended use, less accumulated depreciation and impairment
of assets, if any.
Subsequent expenditure incurred on tangible assets is expensed out except where such
expenditure results in an increase in future benefits from the existing assets beyond its
previously assessed standard of performance.
Depreciation on tangible fixed assets has been provided on the straight-line method as per
the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, except in respect of the
following categories of assets, in whose case the life of the assets has been assessed as
under, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the
operating conditions of the asset and past history of replacement.
All assets including intangibles individually costing up to Rs. 5,000 are fully depreciated/
amortized in the year in which they are acquired.
Leasehold Improvements are depreciated over the lease period.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of fixed assets are reviewed at
each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
intangibles assets and amortization
Intangible assets comprising software are stated at cost less amortization. Significant
expenditure on improvements to software are capitalized when it is probable that such
expenditure will enable the asset to generate future economic benefits in excess of its
originally assessed standards of performance and such expenditure can be measured and
attributed to the asset reliably. Subsequent expenditures are amortized over the remaining
useful life of original software. Software's are amortized using straight line method over a
period of four years from the date of being ready to use.
Intangibles (including software) are amortized over a period of 4 years on pro-rata basis with
reference to the date of purchase/discard, being the management's estimate of the useful
life of such intangibles.
Capital work in progress •
Capital work-in-progress includes assets not ready for the intended use and are carried at
cost, comprising direct cost and related incidental expenses.
Impairment of assets
The carrying values of assets forming part of any cash generating units at Balance Sheet date
are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date. If any indication for such
impairment exists, the recoverable amounts of those assets are estimated and impairment
loss is recognized, if the carrying amount of those assets exceeds their recoverable amount.
The recoverable amount is the greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value
in use is arrived at by discounting the estimated future cash flows to their present value
based on appropriate discount factor. If at the Balance Sheet date there is any indication that
a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, then such loss is reversed and the
asset is restated to that extent.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over
its remaining useful life, if any. '
(j) Taxation
Income tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax payable on the taxable income
for the period determined in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961), and deferred tax
charge or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between the accounting
income and taxable income for the period) Current income tax is the amount expected to be
paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
In accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance note issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India, Minimum Alternate Tax ('MAT') credit if applicable is
recognised as an asset to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay
normal income tax in future by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as
MAT credit entitlement. However the Company has opted for new tax regime u/s 115BAA in
the income tax act 1961, hence provisions of Minimum alternative tax are not applicable.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively
enacted at the Balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to an extent that
there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized. If the Company has unabsorbed depreciation
or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty
supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against
future taxable profits.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The
Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no
longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future
taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such
write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain,
that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if the enterprise has a legally
enforceable right to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax; and deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to same taxation authorities having same
taxation governing laws.
(k) Employee Benefits
Employees'benefits have been recognized in accordance with the relevant provisions of the
Accounting Standard 15. ;
(i) Short Term Employee Benefits:-
All employee benefits payable within 12 months of rendering the services are classified as
short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, bonus and other short term benefits
are recognized in the period which the employee rendered the services. All short term
employee benefits are accounted on undiscounted basis.
(ii) Long Term Employee Benefits
The Company has both defined contribution and defined benefit plan. The plans are financed
by the Company and in the case of some defined contribution plans, by the Company along
with the employee.
(a) Defined Contribution Plan
The Company makes monthly contributions to the "Employees' Provident Fund
Organisation (EPFO) India" which is based on a specified percentage of the covered
employees' salary. The Company's contribution thereto is charged to Revenue Account
or Profit and Loss Account as applicable.
(b) Defined Benefit Plans
a. The liability in respect of Gratuity is provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation carried out at the year-end using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
Actuarial gain and loss are recognized in full in the Revenue Account or/and Profit
and Loss Account as applicable for the year in which they occur. The Company has
a recognized Trust for Gratuity benefits, "Niva Bupa Health Insurance Ltd
Employees' Group Gratuity Fund" to administer the Gratuity funds. The Trust has
taken master policy with the Max Life Insurance Company Limited" to cover its
liabilities towards employees' Gratuity. The Gratuity obligation recognized in the
Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as
adjusted for unrecognized past service cost and as reduced by the fair value of the
gratuity fund.
b. The liability in respect of long term accumulating leave encashment is provided for
on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out at the year end for long term
compensated absences using Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial gains and
losses are recognized in full in the Revenue Account or/and Profit and Loss
Account, as applicable for the year in which they occur. Short term compensated
absences are provided for based on estimates. Non-accumulated compensated
absences are accounted for as and when availed / encashed.
Further in,the valuation of leave encashment, actuary has considered the Last-in-
first-out |LIFO)'basis' to arrive at availment ratio for consumption of leaves,
expected in the future from the accrued balances. No assumptions pertaining to
in-service encashment are considered for the valuation.
c. Deferred compensation, which is a long term employee benefit, is provided for
based on the independent actuarial valuation carried out as at the Balance Sheet
date and charged to Revenue Account or Profit and Loss Account, as applicable
based on services rendered by employees.
' (c) Employee Stock Option plan (ESOP)
Stock options are granted to eligible employees under "Employee Stock Option Plan
2020 (ESOP 2020)" in the financials year 2020-21 effective from 01st June 2020. The
mode of settlement of the scheme is through equity shares of the Company. The options
so granted are accounted for based on intrinsic value basis in accordance with the
'Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share based Payments', issued by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ("ICAI"). Intrinsic value of option is the
difference between fair value of the underlying stock and the exercise price on the date
of grant, which is amortized over the vesting period with a charge to the Revenue
Account or Profit and Loss Account.
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