2. Material accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS’) specified under section 133 of the Act, read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended, and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the standalone financial statements.

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

2.2 Summary of material accounting policies

(a) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure- of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities. The effect of change in an accounting estimate is recognized prospectively.

(b) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

© Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle © Held primarily for the purpose of trading

® Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or

© Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

® It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle © It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

® It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

© There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has evaluated and considered its operating cycle as four years for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets/ liabilities are classified as non-current assets/ liabilities.

(c) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately. This applies mainly to components for machinery. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition of property, plant and equipment which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date is classified as capital advances under other non-current assets.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is de-recognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the Property, plant and equipment is de-recognized.

Costs of assets not ready for use at the balance sheet date are disclosed under capital work- in- progress. Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any

(d) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment and investment property.

Depreciation is calculated on straight line method using the following useful lives estimated by the management, which are equal to those prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, except certain categories of assets whose useful life is estimated by the management based on planned usage and technical evaluation thereo

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment and investment property are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

(e) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Intangible assets comprising of computer software are amortized using straight line method over a period of six years, which is estimated by the management to be the useful life of the asset.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortization of intangible assets are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when asset is derecognized.

(f) Investment property

Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer.

Investment properties are de-recognized when the entity transfers control of the same to the buyer. Further the entity also derecognises investment properties when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss in the period of de-recognition.

(g) Impairment

A. Financial assets

The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognizes lifetime expected losses for all contract assets and / or all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the life time expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

B. Non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

Impairment losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

(h) Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Where the Company is lessee

A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract involves -

(a) The use of an identified asset,

(b) The right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from use of the identified asset, and

(c) The right to direct the use of the identified asset

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

i) Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets.

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section 2.2(h) Impairment of non-financial assets.

ii) Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including insubstance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option. It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on shortterm leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included under Investment property.

Lease income from operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease including lease income on fair value of refundable security deposits, unless the lease agreement explicitly states that increase is on account of inflation. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.

i) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized/inventorised as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are charged to statement of profit and loss.

The Company treats as part of general borrowings any borrowing originally made to develop a qualifying asset when substantially all of the activities necessary to prepare that asset for its intended use or sale are complete.

(i) Inventories

Direct expenditure relating to real estate activity is inventorised. Other expenditure (including borrowing costs) during construction period is inventorised to the extent the expenditure is directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Other expenditure (including borrowing costs) incurred during the construction period which is not directly attributable for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Direct and other expenditure is determined based on specific identification to the real estate activity.

i. Work-in-progress: Represents cost incurred in respect of unsold area (including land) of the real estate development projects or cost incurred on projects where the revenue is yet to be recognized. Work-in-progress is valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

ii. Finished goods - Stock of Flats: Valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

iii. Raw materials, components and stores: Valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined based on FIFO basis.

iv. Land stock: Valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(j) Land

Advances paid by the Company to the seller/ intermediary toward outright purchase of land is recognized as land advance under other assets during the course of obtaining clear and marketable title, free from all encumbrances and transfer of legal title to the Company, whereupon it is transferred to land stock under inventories/ capital work in progress

Land/ development rights received under joint development arrangements ('JDA') is measured at the fair value of the estimated construction service rendered to the land owner and the same is accounted on launch of the project. The amount of non-refundable deposit paid by the Company under JDA is recognized as land advance under other assets and on the launch of the project, the non-refundable amount is transferred as land cost to work-in-progress/ capital work in progress. Further, the amount of refundable deposit paid by the Company under JDA is recognized as deposits under loans.

(k) Revenue recognition A. Revenue recognition

a. (i) Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer. Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for discounts and other credits, if any, as specified in the contract with the customer. The Company presents revenue from contracts with customers net of indirect taxes in its statement of profit and loss.

The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated. In determining the transaction price, the Company considers the effects of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing components, non-cash consideration, and consideration payable to the customer, if any.

Revenue from real estate development is recognised at the point in time, when the control of the asset is transferred to the customer.

Revenue consists of sale of undivided share of land and constructed area to the customer, which have been identified by the Company as a single performance obligation, as they are highly interrelated/ interdependent.

The performance obligation in relation to real estate development is satisfied upon completion of project work and transfer of control of the asset to the customer.

For contracts involving sale of real estate unit, the Company receives the consideration in accordance with the terms of the contract in proportion of the percentage of completion of such real estate project and represents payments made by customers to secure performance obligation of the Company under the contract enforceable by customers. Such consideration is received and utilised for specific real estate projects in accordance with the requirements of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016. Consequently, the Company has concluded that such contracts with customers do not involve any financing element since the same arises for reasons explained above, which is other than for provision of finance to/from the customer.

Further, for projects executed through joint development arrangements not being jointly controlled operations, wherein the land owner/possessor provides land and the Company undertakes to develop properties on such land and in lieu of land owner providing land, the Company has agreed to transfer certain percentage of constructed area or certain percentage of the revenue proceeds, the revenue from the development and transfer of constructed area/revenue sharing arrangement in exchange of such development rights/ land is being accounted on gross basis on launch of the project. Revenue is recognised over time using input method, on the basis of the inputs to the satisfaction of a performance obligation relative to the total expected inputs to the satisfaction of that performance obligation.

The revenue is measured at the fair value of the land received, adjusted by the amount of any cash or cash equivalents transferred. When the fair value of the land received cannot be measured reliably, the revenue is measured at the fair value of the estimated construction service rendered to the land owner, adjusted by the amount of any cash or cash equivalents transferred. The fair value so estimated is considered as the cost of land in the computation of percentage of completion for the purpose of revenue recognition as discussed above.

(ii) Contract balances

Contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

Trade receivable represents the Company’s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due).

Contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

(iii) Cost to obtain a contract

The Company recognises as an asset the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the Company expects to recover those costs. The Company incurs costs such as sales commission when it enters into a new contract, which are directly related to winning the contract. The asset recognised is amortised on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates.

b. Lease income

The Company’s policy for recognition of revenue from operating leases is described in note 2.2(h).

c. Share in profit/ loss of Limited Liability Partnerships ("LLPs") and partnership firm

The Company’s share in profits/losses from LLPs and partnership firm, where the Company is a partner, is recognised as income/loss in the statement of profit and loss as and when the right to receive its profit/ loss share is established by the Company in accordance with the terms of contract between the Company and the partnership entity.

B. Other Income

a. Interest income

Interest income, including income arising from other financial instruments measured at amortised cost, is recognised using the effective interest rate method.

b. Dividend income

Revenue is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(l) Foreign currency translation Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ('the functional currency’). The financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (INR), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency.

Foreign currency transactions and balances

i) Initial recognition - Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii) Conversion - Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

iii) Exchange differences - The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of foreign currency monetary items as income or as expense in the period in which they arise.

(m) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of state governed Employee Provident Fund and Employee State Insurance are defined contribution schemes (collectively the 'Schemes’). The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the Schemes. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the Schemes as expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The contribution paid in excess of amount due is recognized as an asset and the contribution due in excess of amount paid is recognized as a liability.

Gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is accrued based on an independent actuarial valuation, which is done based on project unit credit method as at the balance sheet date. The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Gains and losses through re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability/ (asset) are recognized in other comprehensive income. In accordance with Ind AS, re-measurement gains and losses on defined benefit plans recognized in OCI are not to be subsequently reclassified to statement of profit and loss. As required under Ind AS compliant Schedule III, the Company recognizes re-measurement gains and losses on defined benefit plans (net of tax) to retained earnings.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method, made at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss. The Company presents the accumulated leave liability as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for twelve months after the reporting date.

(n) Share-based payments

Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. Further details are given in note 43.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be nonvesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(o) Income taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year.

Current and deferred tax are recognized in the statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

i. Current income tax

Current income tax for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable income for that period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

ii. Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach, deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity) in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or in equity.