1 Corporate Information
"Repro India Limited ("the Company") is a public Company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (As Amended Companies Act 2013). Its equity shares are listed on Bombay Stock
Exchange and National Stock Exchange in India. The Company's registered office is at 11th Floor, Sun Paradise Business Plaza, B Wing, Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai -400 013, India.
The Company provides value added print solutions to clients, which mainly includes value engineering, creative designing, pre-press, printing, postpress, knitting and assembly, warehousing, dispatch, database management,
sourcing and procurement, localization and web based services."
2 Material accounting policies
2.1 Basis of preparation
A. Statement of compliance with Ind AS
The standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the 'Ind AS') as notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS Compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the standalone financial statements.
These standalone financials statements have been approved for issue by the Board of Directors at their meeting held on May 29, 2026.
B. Presentation currency and rounding off
The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the entity's functional currency. All amounts have been rounded off to the nearest rupees in lakhs unless otherwise indicated.
C. Basis of measurement
The standalone financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian accounting standard (Ind As) under the historical cost convention on accrual basis, except for the following:
• Financial instruments measured at Fair Value through profit or loss.
• Net Defined benefit (Asset)/ Liability - Fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligation; and
• Share-based payment arrangements (Employee Stock Option Plans) are measured at the fair value of the options granted in accordance with I nd AS 102.
D. Current versus non-current classification
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Act. Based on the nature of products and services and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.
E. Going concern
The Company has prepared the standalone financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern for the foreseeable future.
F. Key estimates and assumptions
"The preparation of the Standalone Financial Information requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from those
estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the
estimates are revised and in any future periods affected."
Critical accounting estimates:
Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties is included in the following notes:
Note 3.4 - Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment
Note 3.5 - Intangible Assets under development
Note 3.11- Measurement of defined benefit obligations: (key actuarial assumptions) & Employee Stock Option Plan
Note 3.12 - Recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies Note 3.13 - Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets Note 3.1 - Expected credit losses on trade receivables Note 3.7 - Impairment of Investments in subsidiaries.
Note 3.5 - Capitalisation of Intangible assets
Note 3.16 - Discounting rate used for Lease Liabilities measurement initially. Note 3.17 - Non Financial assets and Goodwill.
G. Measurement of fair values
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability accessible to the Company.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs. The Company's management determines the policies and procedures for fair value measurement.
"All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized into different levels within the fair value : hierarchy, described as follows, based on the level of inputs used in the valuation techniques as set out below.
- Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in level one and
Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
- Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is
significant to the fair value measurement is based on unobservable market data."
When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. The Company recognizes transfers
between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.
The Company has recognized certain assets at fair value and further information is included in the relevant notes.
3 Summary of material accounting policies
3.1 Financial assets
(i) Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. On initial recognition, a
financial asset is recognized at fair value, in case of financial assets which are recognized at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), its transaction cost is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. In other cases, the transaction cost is attributed to the acquisition value of the financial asset.
(ii) Classification and subsequent measurement
The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) or
fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) on the basis of both:
(a) business model for managing the financial assets, and
(b) the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
Financial Asset is measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:
(i) the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold
financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows, and
(ii) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial asset is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) if both of the following conditions are met:
(i) the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is
achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, and
(ii) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial Asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through OCI.
All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.
(iii) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash on hand, bank balances and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. For the purpose
of the Statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.
(iv) Derecognition
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the asset.
(v) Impairment of Financial Asset
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more
events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a 'loss event') and that loss event or (events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated.
Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. In case of trade receivables, the Company follows the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 -Financial Instruments- for recognition of impairment loss allowance. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk of trade receivable. The Company calculates the expected credit losses on trade receivables using a provision matrix on the basis of its historical credit loss experience.
3.2 Financial liabilities
(i) Initial recognition and measurement
A financial liability is recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial liabilities are classified
as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held for trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition.
(ii) Subsequent measurement
Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in profit or loss. Other
financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss.
(iii) Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. The difference between the
carrying amount of the financial liability de-recognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(iv) Classification as Debt or Equity:
Debt and equity instruments, issued by the Company, are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument as laid down in Ind AS 109 Financial instruments.
3.3 Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
3.4 Property, Plant and Equipment ('PPE') and Capital Work in Progress
(i) Recognition and measurement
Property, plant and equipment are initially recognised at cost. The initial cost of Property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including non-refundable duties and taxes net of any trade discounts and rebates.
The cost of Property, plant and equipment includes interest on borrowings (borrowing cost) directly attributable to acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets. Subsequent to initial recognition, Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation (other than freehold land, which are stated at cost) and impairment losses, if any.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised
as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.
The residual values, useful life and depreciation method are reviewed at each financial year-end to ensure that the amount, method and period of depreciation are consistent with previous estimates and the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the items of
property, plant and equipment and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued
use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between
sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss. Fully depreciated assets still in use are retained in Standalone financial statements until diposed off.
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Stores and spares includes tangible items and are expected to be used for a period more than 1 year.
If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.
(iii) Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided using the
Straight line method based on the useful life of the assets as estimated by the management and is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as per the requirement of Schedule II. The estimate of the useful life of the
assets has been assessed based on technical advice which considered the nature of the asset, the usage of the asset, expected physical wear and tear, the operating conditions of the asset, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc.
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of the lease or its estimated useful life whichever is lower.
Leasehold land is amortized on a straight line basis over the period of lease (95 years for land at Mahape, 77 years for land at Surat and 71 years for Land at Ginza Surat).
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The Company has used the following useful lives of the property, plant and
equipment to provide depreciation.
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Sr. No.
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Nature of Assets
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Estimated useful life of the Assets 1
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1
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Leasehold land
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as per lease period
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2
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Buildings
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30 - 35 years
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3
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Plant and machinery
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5-20 years
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4
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Office equipments
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5-10 years
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5
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Furniture and fixtures
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5-10 years
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6
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Vehicles
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10 years
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7
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Stores and Spares
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3-5 years
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(iv) Capital work in progress
Property, plant and equipment which are not ready for intended use as on the date of Balance sheet are disclosed as Capital work in-progress.
Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each reporting date is classified as capital advances under 'other non-current assets' and the cost of assets not put to use before such date are disclosed under 'Capital work-in-progress'.
3.5 Other Intangible assets
(i) Recognition and measurement
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost.
Other intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Such assets are recognized where it is probable that the future economic benefits
attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably.
The cost of an intangible asset comprises:
• its purchase price, including any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the taxing authorities)
• any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use.
Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognised at fair value at the acquisition date.
Income and expenses related to the incidental operations, not necessary to bring the item to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management, are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
internally generated intangible assets (development costs)
Expenditure on internally developed products is capitalised if it can be
demonstrated that:
(i) It is technically feasible to develop the product for it to be sold
(ii) Adequate resources are available to complete the development
(iii) There is an intention to complete and sell the product
(iv) The Company is able to sell the product
(v) Sale of the product will generate future economic benefits, and
(vi) Expenditure on project can be measured reliably.
Capitalised development costs are amortised over the periods (10 years) the Company expects to benefit from the products developed. The amortisation expense is included within the 'depreciation and amortisation expense' in
the standalone statement of profit and loss.
Development expenditure not satisfying the above criteria and expenditure
on the research phase of internal projects are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss as incurred.
The residual values, useful lives and method of amortisation of Other Intangible assets are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
(ii) Subsequent expenditure
After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates.
(iii) Amortization
intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful
life of an intangible asset will not exceed ten years from the date when the asset is available for use. If the persuasive evidence exists to the affect that useful life of an intangible asset exceeds ten years, the Company amortizes the intangible asset over the best estimate of its useful life. Such intangible
assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. All other intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.
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The estimated useful life of the assets are as follows:
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Asset
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Useful life in (years)
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Software
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6
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Other Intangible asset
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10
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(iv) Intangible assets under development
Intangibles which are not ready for intended use as on the date of Balance sheet are disclosed as Intangible assets under development.
Advances paid towards the acquisition of Intangible assets outstanding at each reporting date is classified as capital advances under 'other non-current assets' and the cost of assets not put to use before such date are disclosed under 'Intangible assets under development'.
(v) Non-current assets held for sale
Non-current assets are classified as held for sale when:
(i) They are available for immediate sale
(ii) Management is committed to a plan to sell
(iii) It is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn
(iv) An active programme to locate a buyer has been initiated
(v) The asset or disposal group is being marketed at a reasonable price in relation to its fair value, and
(vi) A sale is expected to complete within 12 months from the date of
classification.
Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of:
(i) Their carrying amount immediately prior to being classified as held for sale in accordance with the Company's accounting policy; and
(ii) Fair value less costs of disposal.
Following their classification as held for sale, non-current assets are not depreciated.
3.6 Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventories comprises all cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs
necessary to make the sale.
"Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:
Raw materials/Stores & Spares/Packing materials"
Cost includes purchase price, (excluding those subsequently recoverable by the enterprise from the concerned revenue authorities),freight inwards and other expenditure incurred in bringing such inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on First in First Out (FIFO) basis.
Raw Materials are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV).
“Finished Goods:
Cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity. The same is valued at lower of cost and NRV. Cost of Finished goods includes cost of raw materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed on First in First Out (FIFO) basis."
“Provision for inventory:
Provision of obsolescence on inventories is considered on the basis of
management's estimate based on demand and market value of the inventories."
“Work in progress:
Cost includes direct materials, labour, and an allocation of manufacturing
overheads based on normal operating capacity. Net realizable value (NRV) is determined based on the estimated selling price less costs to sell and
estimated costs of completion."
3.7 Investments
Investments in subsidiaries carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, the
difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Current Investments
"Investments in mutual fund units are classified as financial assets and are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Such investments are initially recognised at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss (""FVTPL"") are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
All realised gains or losses on redemption and unrealised gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of investments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise."
3.8 Revenue From contract with customers
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic
benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The Company uses the principles laid down by the Ind-AS 115 to determine
the revenue to be recognized through a five-step approach:
- Identify the contract(s) with customer.
- Identify separate performance obligations in the contract.
- Determine the transaction price.
- Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
- Recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.
The Company uses the principles laid down by Ind AS above to recognize
revenue from contracts with customers when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring promised goods or services to a customer. Revenue is recognized to the extent of transaction price allocated to the performance obligation satisfied. Performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time when the control of assets (goods or services) is transferred to a customer. Revenue excludes goods and services tax which is recorded separately. Revenues are measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and other indirect taxes.
(i) Sale of goods and Scrap Sales
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised at a point in time when property
in the goods or all significant risks and rewards of their ownership are transferred to the customer and it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity. The Company collects applicable taxes on behalf of the government and therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company.
(ii) Rendering of services
The company primarily earns revenue by providing Shipping, Packing,
Storage/Warehousing Charges etc.
Trade Receivable:
A trade receivable is recognised if an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of
the consideration is due).
Other operating income represents income earned from the activities incidental to the business and is recognised when the performance
obligation is satisfied and the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of the contract.
3.9 Borrowing cost
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in
connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from short term foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are
regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or
production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in
which they are incurred.
The cost incurred for obtaining financing are deferred and amortised to interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the
related financing arrangement.
3.10 Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange difference
All exchange differences are accounted for in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.
3.11 Employee benefits
(i) Short-term employee benefits
Liabilities for salaries, wages and bonus, that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the year in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees services
up to the end of the reporting year and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheets
(ii) Post-employment benefits:
Contributions payable to Government administered provident fund scheme,
approved superannuation scheme, which are a defined contribution schemes, are charged to the standalone statement of profit and loss as incurred.
Defined benefit plan
"Employees are entitled to a defined benefit retirement plan (i.e. Gratuity) covering eligible employees of the Company. The plan provides for a lumpsum payment to eligible employees, at retirement, death, and incapacitation
or on termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employees' salary and tenure of employment. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service.
Gratuity liabilities are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each reporting date using the projected unit credit method. The Company recognises the obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as a liability in accordance with Ind AS 19 - "Employee Benefits." The discount rate is based on the government securities yield. Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise. Re-measurements recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of plan amendment.
Costs comprising service cost (including current service cost, past service
cost arising on account of changes in labour laws, and gains or losses on curtailments and settlements) and net interest expense or income are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss."
Compensated absences
The Company provides for the encashment of leave or leave with pay subject to certain rules. The employees are entitled to accumulate leave subject to certain limits, for future encashment. The liability is provided based on number of days of unutilized leave at each balance sheet date based on an estimated basis for the period end and on an independent actuarial valuation under Projected Unit Cost method at the year end.
The Company classifies the net defined benefit liability/(asset) into current
and non-current portions based on the actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary, considering the estimated timing of settlement of the
related obligations.
(iii) Employee Stock Option Plan
"Equity-settled plans are accounted at fair value as at the grant date. The fair value of the share-based option is determined at the grant date using a market-based option valuation model (Black Scholes Option Valuation Model). The fair value of the option is recorded as compensation expense amortized over the vesting period of the options, with a corresponding increase in Reserves and Surplus under the head ""Employee Stock Option
account"". On exercise of the option, the proceeds are recorded as share capital.
The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The charge or credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits expense.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of options, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share."
3.12 Provisions and contingent liabilities
A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are recognized at the best estimate of the expenditure required
to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted.
A contingent liability exists when there is a possible but not probable
obligation, or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources, or a present obligation whose amount cannot be estimated reliably. Contingent liabilities do not warrant provisions, but are disclosed unless the possibility of outflow of resources is remote. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.
3.13 Income Tax
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws
prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates.
The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
(i) Current Tax
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.
(ii) Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences arising
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.
(iii) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT):
MAT is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised, it is credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss and is considered as (MAT Credit Entitlement). The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) Credit are in the form of unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period of time, hence, it is presented as Deferred Tax Asset.
3.14 Operating segments
The segment reporting of the Company has been prepared in accordance with Ind-AS-108, "Operating Segment" (specified under the section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with Companies (Indian Accounting
Standards) Rule 2015 (as amended from time to time) and other relevant provision of the Act).
Operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating decision
maker ('CODM') who makes decision about resources to be allocated to the segments and assess its performance.
The Company operates in a single business segment in view of the nature of products and services provided. The company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for
preparing and presenting the financial statements of the company.
3.15 Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the extent that they are entitled to participate in dividends relative to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares), if any that have
changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding
change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit
or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
3.16 Leases
The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a [ease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a define period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified assets, the Company assesses whether:
(i) the contact involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
As a lessee, The Company recognises a right of use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right of use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.
The right of use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straightline method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right of use asset or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of right of use assets are determined on the same
basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right of use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company's incremental borrowing rate. For leases with reasonably similar characteristics, the Company, on a lease by lease basis,
may adopt either the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease or the incremental borrowing rate for the portfolio as a whole.
Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments and lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option; The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
The Company has elected not to recognise right of use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company applied a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases of similar assets in similar economic environment with a similar end date.
3.17 Impairment of non-Financial assets and goodwill
At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying
amounts of non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible
to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cashgenerating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the
risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment
loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless
the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.
3.18 Goodwill
Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from a business
combination that are not individually identified and separately recognised. Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Refer Note 44 for a description of impairment testing procedures.
3.19 Exceptional items:
Exceptional items are disclosed separately in the financial statements where it is necessary to do so to provide further understanding of the financial
performance of the Company. These are material items of income or expense that have to be shown separately due to their nature or incidence
3.20 Recent accounting pronouncements:
During the year, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notified
amendments to various Indian Accounting Standards through the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2025 and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2025, effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2025.
The amendments include:
(a) Ind AS 7 - Statement of Cash Flows and Ind AS 107 - Financial Instruments: Disclosures relating to Supplier Finance Arrangements, requiring additional disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the effects of supplier finance arrangements on an entity's liabilities, cash flows and exposure to liquidity risk.
(b) Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements relating to Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current and Non-current Liabilities with
Covenants, clarifying the requirements for classification of liabilities and the assessment of covenant conditions.
(c) Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes relating to Pillar Two Tax Reforms.
(d) Ind AS 21 - The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates relating to Lack of Exchangeability, providing guidance on determining exchange rates when a currency is not exchangeable into another currency.
The Company has assessed the impact of the above amendments and concluded that they do not have any material impact on its financial statements, financial position, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures for the year ended 31 March 2026.
Further, MCA has notified additional amendments to Ind AS 1 -Presentation of Financial Statements relating to the classification of liabilities as current or non-current and non-current liabilities with covenants, effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after
1 April 2026. The Company has evaluated these amendments and does not expect them to have any material impact on its financial statements upon adoption.
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