MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company has applied following accounting policies to all periods presented in the Ind AS Financial Statement.
1.4 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:
i) Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at original cost (net of tax/duty credit availed) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Cost includes cost of acquisition, construction and installation, taxes, duties, freight, other incidental expenses related to the acquisition, and pre-operative expenses including attributable borrowing costs incurred during pre-operational period.
ii) Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.
iii) Assets which are not ready for their intended use on reporting date are carried as capital work-in-progress at cost, comprising direct cost and related incidental expenses.
iv) Property, Plant and Equipment are depreciated and/or amortized on as per the Straight line method on the basis of their useful lives as notified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 . The assets' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.
v) Depreciation in respect of additions to assets has been charged on pro rata basis with reference to the period when the assets are ready for use.
vi) An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately on discontinuation to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in Profit/ Loss on Sale and Discard of Fixed Assets.
vii) Useful lives of the Property, Plant and Equipment as notified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 are as follows :
Buildings - 30 to 60 years
Plant and Equipments - 15 to 25 years
Furniture and Fixtures - 10 years
Vehicles - 8 to 10 years
Office Equipments - 5 years
Computers - 3 years
viii) At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment to determine whether there is any indication of impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment loss. The recoverable amount is higher of the net selling price and the value in use, determined by discounting the estimated future cash flows expected from the continuing use of the asset to their present value.
ix) Cost is reduced by accumulated depreciation and impairment and amount representing assets discarded or held for disposal.
1.5 INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
i) Intangible assets acquired by payment e.g. Computer Software are disclosed at cost less amortization on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.
ii) Intangible assets are carried at cost, net of accumulated amortization and impairment loss, if any.
iii) Intangible assets are amortized on straight-line method as follows :
Computer Software - 5 years
iv) At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amount of intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication of impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment loss. The recoverable amount is higher of the net selling price and the value in use, determined by discounting the estimated future cash flows expected from the continuing use of the asset to their present value.
1.6 Revenue Recognition
i) Revenue comprises of all economic benefits that arise in the ordinary course of activities of the Company which result in increase in Equity, other than increases relating to contributions from equity participants. Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.
The Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Generally, control is transferred upon shipment of goods to the customer or when the goods is made available to the customer, provided transfer of title to the customer occurs and the Company has not retained any significant risks of ownership or future obligations with respect to the goods shipped.
Revenue is adjusted for variable consideration such as discounts, rebates, refunds, credits, price concessions, incentives, or other similar items in a contract when they are highly probable to be provided.
The Company recognizes revenue generally at a point in time when the products are delivered to customer or when it is delivered to a carrier for export sale, which is when the control over product is transferred to the customer
In revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for individual products and services separately if they are distinct - i.e. if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the arrangement and if a customer can benefit from it. The consideration is allocated between separate products and services in the arrangement based on their stand-alone selling prices. Revenue from sale of by products are included in revenue.
ii) Services: Revenue from Services are recognized as and when the services are rendered.
iii) Interest: Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable.
iv) Export Benefits are accounted on accrual basis.
1.7 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS:
i) Short-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.
ii) Post Employment and Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity are considered as defined benefit obligations and is provided for on the basis of third-party actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. Every Employee who has completed five years or more of service is entitled to Gratuity on terms not less favorable than the provisions of The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
iii) The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.
iv) Employee benefits in the form of Provident Fund is considered as defined contribution plan and the contributions to Employees' Provident Fund Organization established under The Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1952 is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid.
1.8 Valuation of Inventories
i) The cost of inventories has been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion and other related costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The costs of Raw Materials, Stores and spare parts etc., consumed consist of purchase price including duties and taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable by the enterprise from the taxing authorities), freight inwards and other expenditure directly attributable to the procurement.
ii) Stock of Raw Materials are valued at cost and of those in transit and at port related to these items are valued at cost to date. Goods and materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred up to the date of balance sheet. Material and supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.
iii) Stock of Stores and spare parts, Packing Material, Power & Fuel and Folders are valued at cost; and of those in transits and at port related to these items are valued at cost.
iv) Goods-in-process is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.
v) Stock of Finished goods and By-products is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.
vi) Stock-in-trade is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.
1.9 Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash
nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flow from regular revenue generating,
financing and investing activities of the Company is segregated.
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank,
cash/Cheques in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
1.10 FINANCIAL ASSETS:
i) The Company classifies its financial assets as those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and those to be measured at amortized cost.
ii) Trade receivables represent receivables for goods sold by the Company up to the end of the financial year. The amounts are generally unsecured and are usually received as per the terms of payment agreed with the customers. The amounts are presented as current assets where receivable is due within12 months from the reporting date.
iii) Trade receivables are impaired using the lifetime expected credit loss model under simplified approach. The Company uses a matrix to determine the impairment loss allowance based on its historically observed default rates over expected life of trade receivables and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the impairment loss allowance is determined and updated and the same is deducted from Trade Receivables with corresponding charge/credit to Profit and Loss.
iv) A financial asset is derecognized only when the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset, or when it has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or when it has transferred the control of the asset.
1.11 FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
i) Borrowings are removed from balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired.
ii) Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.
iii) Trade Payables represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company up to the end of the financial year. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid as per the terms of payment agreed with the vendors. The amounts are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognized initially and subsequently measured at amortized cost.
iv) Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
1.12 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT:
i) Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
ii) The fair value of an asset or liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
iii) A fair value measurement of a non- financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
iv) The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
v) The assets and liabilities which has been measured at fair value is Derivatives
1.13 FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS:
i) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. At each balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing exchange rate. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company's monetary items at the closing rate are recognized as income or expenses in the period in which they arise.
ii) Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date when the fair value is determined.
1.14 BORROWING COSTS:
i) Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds.
ii) General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that takes necessarily substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.
iii) All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
1.15 ACCOUNTING FOR TAXES ON INCOME:
i) Tax expenses comprise of current tax and deferred tax including applicable surcharge and cess.
ii) Current Income tax is computed using the tax effect accounting method, where taxes are accrued in the same period in which the related revenue and expenses arise. A provision is made for income tax annually, based on the tax liability computed, after considering tax allowances and exemptions. Provisions are recorded when it is estimated that a liability due to disallowances or other matters is probable.
iii) Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences; the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
iv) The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it is become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
v) Deferred tax is recognized in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income. As such, deferred tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income.
vi) Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.
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