2.1 Material accounting policies
(i) Statement of compliance
These standalone financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the 'Indian Accounting Standards' ("Ind AS") notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013(the "Act") read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter, as applicable to the Company, and other relevant provisions of the Act.
(ii) Basis of measurement
The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value as described in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange of assets.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the company takes
into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
Going Concern
The Company has incurred losses of ' 566.87 crores for the year ended March 31,2024 which includes certain costs accounted due to one time/exceptional in nature as indicated in note 35. Whilst, the Company has cash inflow from operations of '110.95 crores for the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company's net current liabilities exceed its net current assets by ' 447.00 crores as at March 31, 2024.
To mitigate the situation and in order to adequately fund its operations, the Company has proposed a Rights issue (refer note 52) under which it expects to raise funds aggregating to ' 449.95 crores which has also been underwritten by the Promoter group which will be utilized for debt reduction and expansion projects. The Company expects to renew its working capital facilities, as and when required, in the normal course of business and also increase revenues and margins on its products and accordingly expects to continue to have cash inflows from operations in amounts that are adequate enough to meet all future obligations as they fall due. Based on the above, the Board of directors have approved the preparation of the standalone financial statements on a going concern basis.
(iii) Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring distinct goods or services to a customer as specified in the contract, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example taxes and duties collected on behalf of the government) and is recorded net of provisions for sales discounts and returns, which are established at the time of sale. Consideration is generally due upon satisfaction of performance obligations and a receivable is recognized when it becomes unconditional.
Sale of goods
The Company receives revenue for supply of pharmaceutical products to external customers against orders received. The majority of these contracts contain single performance obligation for supply of goods. The average duration of a customers' order is less than 12 months.
evenue from sale of goods is recognised upon transfer of control to the customer. The point at which control passes depends on the terms set forth in the customer's contract. Generally, the control is transferred upon shipment of the product to the customer or when the product is made available to the customer, provided transfer of title to the customer occurs and the Company has not retained any significant risks of ownership or future obligations with respect to the product sold.
Sale of services
Revenue from development services is recognised on achievement of a development milestone and when it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur.
Share of Profit
Share of profits under manufacturing and supply agreements with customers are accrued based on sales as confirmed by the customers.
(iv) Interest income
Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.
(v) Export Incentives
Export incentives are accrued for based on fulfillment of eligibility criteria for availing the incentives and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same. These incentives include estimated realisable values/benefits from special import licenses and benefits under specified schemes as applicable.
(vi) Leases
The Company as lessor
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sublease separately. The sublease is classified as a finance or operating lease by reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease.
For operating leases, rental income is recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.
The Company as lessee
The Company at the inception of the lease contract recognizes a Right-of-Use (RoU) .The Company assesses, whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract involves-
(a) the use of an identified asset,
(b) t he right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from use of the identified asset, and
(c) the right to direct the use of the identified asset.
The Company at the inception of the lease contract recognizes a Right-of-Use (RoU) asset at cost and corresponding lease liability, except for leases with term of less than twelve months (short term) and low-value assets.
The cost of the right-of-use assets comprises the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability, any lease payments made at or before the inception date of the lease plus any initial direct costs, less any lease incentives received. Subsequently, the right-of-use assets is measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The right-of-use assets is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use assets.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.
For short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
(vii) Foreign currencies transactions and translation
Items included in the standalone financial statements of the entity are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates ('the functional currency'). The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is the Company's functional and presentation currency.
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency closing rates of exchange at the reporting date.
Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets, are capitalized as cost of assets.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currencies are not retranslated. Income and expense items in foreign currency are translated at the average exchange rates for the period, unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly during that period, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are used.
(viii) Borrowing costs Borrowing costs include:
(i) interest expense calculated using the effective interest rate method,
(ii) finance charges in respect of finance leases, and
(iii) exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
All other borrowing costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.
(ix) Employee benefits Short term obligations
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including other benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are recognised in respect of employees' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.
Retirement benefit costs and termination benefits
For defined benefit retirement plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the balance
sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to statement of profit and loss. Past service cost is recognised in statement of profit and loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:
• s ervice cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);
• net interest expense or income; and
• remeasurement
The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in statement of profit and loss in the line item 'Employee benefits expense'. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs.
The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the standalone balance sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company's defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.
A liability for a termination benefit is recognised at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of the termination benefit and when the entity recognises any related restructuring costs.
Defined contribution plan
Contribution to defined contribution plans are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such benefits.
Compensated absences
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised at an actuarially determined liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the
Balance sheet date. In respect of compensated absences expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services, liability for short-term employee benefits is measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.
(x) Taxation
The income tax expense or credit for the year is the tax payable on the current period's taxable income, based on the applicable income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by the changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences.
Current tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the period. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the standalone statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the standalone financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. In addition, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set-off against future tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as deferred tax asset in the Balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realised.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and where the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.
Current and deferred tax for the period
Current and deferred tax are recognised in statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.
(xi) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated in the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company's accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.
Freehold land is not depreciated.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land and properties under construction) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets. However, when there is no reasonable certainty that ownership will be obtained by the end of the lease term, assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives.
Depreciation on tangible fixed assets has been provided on the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in respect of the following categories of assets, in whose case the life of the assets has been assessed to be different and are as under based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc.:
Building : 10 - 60 years
Plant & Machinery : 8 - 20 years
Vehicles : 5 years
Office Equipment : 3 - 5 years"
Individual assets costing less than ' 5,000 are depreciated in full in the year of purchase.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in statement of profit and loss.
(xii) Investment property
Properties that is held for long-term rentals or for capital appreciation or both, and that is not occupied by the Company, is classified as investment property. Investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset's carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of the investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.
Investment property are depreciated using the straight line method over their estimated useful lives. Investment properties generally have a useful life of 25-40 years. The useful life has been determined based on technical evaluation performed by the management's expert.
(xiii) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately
Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any
changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
Intangible assets acquired in a business combination
Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognised separately from goodwill are initially recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).
Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.
Derecognition of intangible assets
An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Useful lives of intangible assets
Intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful life on straight line method as follows:
Product portfolio : 10 years
Software Licenses : 3 - 5 years
Registration and brands : 5 - 10 years"
(xiv) Impairment of assets
Impairment of financial assets:
The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet, whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for all contract assets and / or all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the twelve-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the life time expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly, since initial recognition.
Impairment of investment in subsidiaries
The Company reviews its carrying value of investments in subsidiaries at cost, annually, or more frequently when there is an indication for impairment. If the recoverable amount is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is accounted for.
Impairment of goodwill
For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units. The allocation is made to those cash generating units or groups of cash generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which such goodwill arose.
A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised directly in statement of profit and loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.
On disposal of the relevant cash-generating unit, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss on disposal.
Impairment of non-financial assets other than goodwill
At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cashgenerating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for
which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cashgenerating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.
(xv) Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads. Cost is determined as follows:
Raw materials, packing materials and consumables: weighted average basis
Work-in progress: at material cost and an appropriate share of production overheads
Finished goods: material cost and an appropriate share of production overheads
Stock-in trade: weighted average basis
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