Significant Accounting Policies 1) Property Plant & Equipment
The company has elected revaluation model as its accounting policy for accounting its property, plant and equipment.
After recognition as an asset, an item of property, plant and equipment whose fair value can be measured reliably is carried at a revalued amount, being its fair value at the date of the revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses. Revaluations is made with sufficient regularity to ensure that the carrying amount does not differ materially from that which would be determined using fair value at the end of the reporting period.
If an asset's carrying amount is increased as a result of a revaluation, the increase should be recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity under the heading of revaluation surplus. However, the increase is recognised in profit or loss to the extent that it reverses a revaluation decrease of the same asset previously recognized in profit or loss.
If an asset's carrying amount is decreased as a result of a revaluation, the decrease is recognised in profit or loss. However, the decrease shall be recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of any credit balance existing in the revaluation surplus in respect of that asset. The decrease recognised in other comprehensive income reduces the amount accumulated in equity under the heading of revaluation surplus.
Depreciation
Depreciation is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a Straight line method over the estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment based on Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 ("Schedule"), which prescribes the useful lives for various classes of tangible assets. For assets acquired or disposed off during the year, depreciation is provided on prorata basis.
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified into following categories:
• Financial Assets at amortized cost
• Financial Assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
• Financial Assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
• Impairment of financial assets
Financial Assets at amortised cost
A Financial Asset is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
o The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
o Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.
Financial Assets at FVTOCI
A Financial Asset is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
o The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and o The asset's contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Financial Assets included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is
reclassified to the statement of profit and loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI is reported as interest income using the EIR method.
Financial Assets at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for Financial Assets. Any asset, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. These include surplus funds invested in mutual funds.
Impairment of trade receivables
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 18. Expected credit loss model takes into consideration the present value of all the cash shortfalls over the expected life of a financial instrument. In simple terms, it is weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as weights. The credit loss is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to an entity as per the contract and all the contractual cash flows that the entity expects to receive, discounted to the effective interest rate. The Standard presumes that entities would suffer credit loss even if the entity expects to be paid in full but later than when contractually due. In other words, it simply focuses on DELAYS in collection of receivables.
For the purpose of identifying the days of delay, the Company took into consideration the weighted average number of delays taking into consideration deviation of receivables turnover ratio from normal credit period.
Investment in Subsidiary:
Following the principles enumerated in Ind AS 27, Separate Financial Statements, the Company elected to account for its investment in its subsidiary in accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments.
Ind AS 109 requires an entity to measure the investment in equity shares at fair value and recognize the changes in fair value through profit and loss account. However, it also gives an irrevocable option to an entity to recognize the aforesaid changes in fair value through other comprehensive income ("OCI"). On the transition date, the Company has elected the irrevocable option to recognize the fair value changes in the equity shares in the subsidiary in Other Comprehensive Income.
Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from the Company's balance sheet) when:
• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
• The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither
transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables as appropriate. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risks are recognised in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to the statement of profit and loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
3) Inventories
Inventories consist of goods and to be measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the weighted average method. Cost includes expenditures incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition. In the case of finished
goods and work-in-progress, cost includes an appropriate share of overheads based on normal operating capacity. Stores and spares, that do not qualify to be recognised as property, plant and equipment and consumables which are used in operating machines or consumed as indirect materials in the manufacturing process. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.
4) Impairment of non-financial assets
The carrying amounts of the Company's non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated. For goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives or that are not yet available for use, an impairment test is performed each year at March 31.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the "cash-generating unit").
An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss if the estimated recoverable amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit is lower than its carrying amount. Impairment losses recognized in respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit on a pro-rata basis.
An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.
5) Cash & Cash Equivalents
Cash and bank balances comprise of cash balance in hand, in current accounts with banks,. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of our cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows.
6) Employee Benefit
Short term employee benefits
Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
Termination benefits
Termination benefits are recognized as an expense when the Company is demonstrably committed, without realistic possibility of withdrawal, to a formal detailed plan to either terminate employment before the normal retirement date, or to provide termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy. Termination benefits for voluntary redundancies are recognized as an expense if the Company has made an offer encouraging voluntary redundancy, it is probable that the offer will be accepted, and the number of acceptances can be estimated reliably.
|