1.12 Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
A Provision is recognized if, as a result of past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that is reasonbly estimable, and it is probable that an outflow of
economic benefits will be required to settle the present obligation. Provisions are determined by the best estimate of the outflow of economic benefits required to settle the obligation
at the reporting date. Where no reliable estimate can be made, a disclosure is made as contingent liability. A disclosure for a contingent liability is also made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the
likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
1.13 Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that give rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity of another entity.
Initial Recognition
Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured
at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at
fair value through profit and loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.
Subsequent Measurement
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved both by collectiong
contractual cash flows on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the amount outstanding and selling financial assets.
Financial assets at fair value through Profit and Loss
Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit and loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition.
The transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit and loss are immediately recognised in statement of
profit and loss.
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or Fair Value Through Profit and Loss Account (FVTPL). A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is
classified as held for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses,
including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest
method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in statement of
profit and loss.
De-recognition
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for
derecognition as per Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognised from the Company's balance sheet when the obligation specified in the
contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an
insignificant risk of changes in value. For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above are
considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.
1.14 Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past
or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, investing and financing activities of the company are segregated.
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