i) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable
that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the
reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the
cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the
time value of money is material). When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered
from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of
the receivable can be measured reliably.
j) Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the
instruments.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the
acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through
profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial
recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through
profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
k) Financial assets
All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognized on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or
sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or
convention in the marketplace.
All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortized cost or fair value, depending on the
classification of the financial assets
Classification of financial assets
Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortized cost (except for debt instruments that are
designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):
• the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
• the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on
the principal amount outstanding.
• the debt instruments carried at amortised cost include cash.
Investments in couitv instruments at FVTOC1
On initial recognition, the Company can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to present the subsequent
changes in fair value in other comprehensive income pertaining to investments in equity instruments. This election is not permitted if
the equity investment is held for trading. These elected investments are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs.
Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognised in other
comprehensive income and accumulated in the ‘Reserve for equity instruments through other comprehensive income’. The cumulative
gain or loss is not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the investments.
A financial asset is held for trading if:
Ý it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or
• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a
recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
Ý it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument or a financial guarantee.
Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognised in profit or loss when the Company’s right to receive the
dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity, the dividend does
not represent a recovery of part of cost of the investment and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably. Dividends recognised
in profit or loss are included in the ‘Other income’ line item.
Effective interest method
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over
the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and
points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts)
through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial
recognition.
Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as at FVTPL.
Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the “Other income” line item.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
The Company carries Investment in Mutual fund at FVTPL. Financial assets at FVTPL also includes assets held for trading.
A financial asset is held for trading if:
• it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or
• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent
actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
• it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument or a financial guarantee.
Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on
remeasurement recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned
on the financial asset and is included in the ‘Other income’ line item. Dividend on financial assets at FVTPL is recognised when the
Company’s right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow
to the entity, the dividend does not represent a recovery of part of cost of the investment and the amount of dividend can be measured
reliably.
Derecognition of financial assets
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the
financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers
nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises
its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the
risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also
recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.
l) Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Classification as debt or equity
Debt and equity instruments issued by the company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the
substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Equity instruments
An equity instrument is any oontraot that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity' after deducting all of its liabilities.
Equity instruments issued by a company entity are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Repurchase of the Company's own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognised in
profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments.
m) Financial liabilities
All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.
However, financial liabilities that arise when a transfer of a financial asset does not qualify for derecognition or when the continuing
involvement approach applies, financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company, and commitments issued by the Company to
provide a loan at below-market interest rate are measured in accordance with the specific accounting policies set out below.
i) Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Financial liabilities at FVTPL includes derivative liabilities. Non-derivative financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the
financial liability is either contingent consideration recognised by the Company as an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind
AS 103 applies or is held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL. There are no non-derivative financial liabilities carried at FVTPL.
Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in profit or loss.
The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is included in the ‘Other
income' line item.
Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortized cost at the end of
subsequent accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortized cost are
determined based on the effective interest method. Interest expense that is not capitalized as part of costs of an asset is included in the
'Finance costs' line item.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense
over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees
and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts)
through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial
recognition.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
The Company derecognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have
expired. An exchange between with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an
extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of
the terms of an existing financial liability (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor) is accounted for as an
extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying
amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.
n) Impairment
Impairment of financial instruments
The Company recognises loss allowances for expected credit losses on:
'- financial assets measured at amortised cost
At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit - impaired. A financial asset
is ‘credit - impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset
have occurred.
Evidence that a financial asset is credit- impaired includes the following observable data:
- significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;
'- a breach of contract such as a default
'- the restructuring of a loan or advance by the company on terms that the Company would not consider otherwise;
- it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or
- the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.
The Company measures loss allowances at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses, except for the following, which are
measured as 12 month expected credit losses:
- debt securities that are determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date; and
- other debt securities and bank balances for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial
instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition.
Loss allowances for trade receivables are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.
Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a
financial instrument. 12-month expected credit losses are the portion of expected credit losses that result from default events that are
possible within 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months). In
all cases, the maximum period considered when estimating expected credit losses is the maximum contractual period over which the
Company is exposed to credit risk.
When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating
expected credit losses, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue
cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Company’s historical experience
and informed credit assessment and including forward- looking information.
The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when:
'- the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse by the Company to actions such as
realising security (if any is held)
Measurement of expected credit losses
Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash
shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the
Company expects to receive).
Presentation of allowance for expected credit losses in the balance sheet
Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.
W rite-off
The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of
recovery. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could
generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be
subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Company's procedures for recovery of amounts due.
o) Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects
of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accmals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from
operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.
Based on the nature of activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash
equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities
as current and non-current.
p) Operating Cycle
Based on the nature of activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash
equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities
as current and non-current.
q) Recent accounting Pronouncements
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian
Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 31, 2023, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2015 by issuing the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023, applicable from April 1,
2023, as below:
Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements
The amendments require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies.
Accounting policy information, together with other information, is material when it can reasonably be expected to influence decisions
of primary users of general purpose financial statements.
Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes
The amendments clarify how companies account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The
amendments narrowed the scope of the recognition exemption in paragraphs 15 and 24 of Ind AS 12 (recognition exemption) so that it
no longer applies to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences.
Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors
The amendments will help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates. The definition of a change in
accounting estimates has been replaced with a definition of accounting estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are
“monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty”. Entities develop accounting estimates if
accounting policies require items in financial statements to be measured in a way that involves measurement uncertainty.
The Company does not expect these amendments to have any significant impact in its financial statements.
# The Level 1 financial instruments are measured using quotes in active market
AA The Level 2 financial instruments are measured using available audited financial statements of respective companies
* The carrying value of these accounts are considered to be the same as their fair value, due to their short term nature. Accordingly, these are classified as level 3
of fair value hierarchy. These accounts are considered to be highly liquid and the carrying amount of these are considered to be the same as their fair value.
18 Financial risk management
The Company has adequate internal processes to assess, monitor and manage financial risks These risks include credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk
(including currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk). The Company seeks to minimise the effects of these risks through appropriate risk management
policies as detailed below. The Company does not enter into trade financial instruments, including derivative financial instruments, for speculative purposes.
The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below:
(i) Credit risk
Credit risk management
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. The Company is exposed to
credit risk from its financing activities, including deposits with banks. The credit risk on cash and bank balances is limited because the counterparties are banks
with high credit ratings assigned by international credit rating agencies.
22 There are no other significant subsequent events that have occurred after the reporting period till the date of this financial statements.
23 Previous year figures, wherever required, have been regrouped based on cun-ent year's classification
for R Sundarajan & Associates For and on behalf of the Board of Directors
Chartered Accountants
Firm registration no: 008282S
S knLrfan P NAGARAJAN S Aparna
VmuLJ Director Director
y^lcmtership No: 026452 DIN: 00110344 DIN : 08550980
\Jl KRUHIKA
M GAYATIIRI VIJAY
KARTHIK
Place: Chennai Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
Date: May 06,2024
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