n) Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent assets :
The Company recognises provisions when there is present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources and reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to net present value using an appropriate pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Unwinding of the discount is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as a finance cost. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.
A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent Liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non¬ occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.
Contingent assets are not recognized in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised.
o) Financial instruments:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are
recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and financial liabilities are
initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.”
Financial assets
(i) Financial assets carried at amortised cost
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
(ii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Further, in case where the Company has made an irrevocable selection based on its business model, for its investments which are classified as equity instruments, the subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income.
(iii) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.
(iv) The Company recognizes loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount
that is required to be recognised is recognized as an impairment gain or loss in statement of profit or loss.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
1. Classification as debt or equity
Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
2. Equity instruments
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
3. Financial liabilities
Trade and other payables are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method where the time value of money is significant.
Interest bearing bank loans, overdrafts and unsecured loans are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the settlement or redemption of borrowings is recognised over the term of the borrowings in the statement of profit and loss.
4. Derecognition of financial instruments
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognized from the Company’s balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.
5. Fair value of financial instruments
In determining the fair value of its financial
instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. The methods used to determine fair value include discounted cash flow analysis, available quoted market prices and dealer quotes. All methods of assessing fair value result in general approximation of value, and such value may or may not be realized.
6. Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.
p) Earnings per share :
The basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, profit/(loss) for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of the equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
q) Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
r) Transactions in foreign currencies:
The financial statements of the Company are presented in Indian rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the presentation currency for the financial statements.
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction.
Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities such as cash, receivables, payables, etc., are translated at year end exchange rates.
Exchange differences arising on settlement of transactions and translation of monetary items are recognised as income or expense in the year in which they arise.
s) Segment reporting:
An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments.
t) Government grants:
Grants from the government are recognised at fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.
Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognised in the profit or loss over the period necessary to match them with the costs they are intended to compensate and presented within other income.
Government grants relating to the purchase of Property, Plant and Equipment are included in non-current liabilities as deferred income and are credited to profit and loss on a straight line basis over the expected lives of the related assets and presented within other income.
The benefit of a government loan at below current market rate of interest is treated as a government grant.
u) Leases:
As a lessee:
The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or
contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
(1) The Contract involves the use of an identified asset;
(2) The Company has substantially all the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and
(3) The Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.
The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives.
They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the balance lease term of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable.”
The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of the leases. Lease liabilities are re-measured with a
corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.
Lease liability and ROU asset shall be separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments shall be classified as financing cash flows.
As Lessor:
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sublease separately. The sublease is classified as a finance or operating lease by reference to the right- of-use asset arising from the head lease.
For operating leases, rental income is recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.
Operating lease - Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to the statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased assets are utilised.
v) Employee share based payments:
Equity- settled share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the employee stock options at the grant date. The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity- settled share-based payments is amortised over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity. At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.
w) Dividend distribution:
Dividends paid (including income tax thereon) is recognised in the period in which the interim dividends are approved by the Board of Directors, or in respect of the final dividend when approved by shareholders.
x) Rounding off amounts:
All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakh with two decimals as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.
y) Standards issued but not yet effective:
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. There are no such notifications applicable with effect from 01 April, 2025.
. Use of estimates and critical accounting judgements:
In preparation of the financial statements, the Company makes judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and the associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and the underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and future periods affected.
Significant judgements and estimates relating to the carrying values of assets and liabilities include useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments, provision for employee benefits and other provisions, recoverability of deferred tax assets, commitments and contingencies.
a) Secured loans
The following assets of the Company are given as security:
# First exclusive charge on Plant & Machineries and Equitable Mortgage on factory Land & Building at Plot No. 2A, in Sy.Nos. 25 lP, 255P, 256P, 261P, IC- PUDI, Pudi Village, Rambilli Mandal, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh.
# First exclusive charge on Plant & Machineries at Unit 1 (new Block) at Annaram Vill, Near Air force academy, Medak Dist-502313, Telangana.
# First exclusive charge on Plant & Machineries and Equitable Mortgage on the factory Land & Buildings situated at Survey no.82/2A, Mahavashi Village, Khandala (Tal), Pune, Satara District, Maharashtra State.
# First Exclusive Charge on Plant & Machinery and Equitable Mortgage on factory Land& Building at Survey No. 160/A, 161/1,161/5, Bhimpore Village, Nani Daman, Daman District.
# First exclusive charge on Plant and Machinery and Equitable Mortgage on the factory Land & Buildings situated at Plot no.94, KIADB- Adakanahally Industrial Area, Chikkaiahnachatra Hobli, Nanjangud Taluk, Mysuru Dist. Karnataka-571301
# First exclusive charges on Plant & Machinery and Equitable Mortgage on factory Land and Building located at G40/2, G41 & G42/1, at Sultanpur Village, Ameenpur Mandal, Sangareddy Dist, Telangana.
# First exclusive charge on Plant & Machineries and Equitable Mortgage on factory Land and Building Plot 29, Industrial Estate, Refinery Road, HSIIDC, Panipat, Haryana.
# First exclusive charge on Plant & Machineries and Equitable Mortgage of Leasehold right of Land and Building located Plot no c-11, SIPCOT, Industrial Park, Cheyyar, Phase II,.Cheyyar Dist, Tamilnadu.
# First exclusive charge on Plant & Machineries at Mahad & EM on Land and Building located at Plot no FS-42, Mahad Five Star Industrial Area, Mahad, admeasuring 8000 SQ Ft.
# Personal guarantees of J. Lakshmana Rao, A. Subramanyam and P. Venkateswara Rao directors of the Company.
Working capital facilities from the banks are secured by hypothecation by way of first charge on the following assets of the Company:
i) First Pari passu charge to the above banks by way of hypothecation of the borrower’s entire current assets which inter- alia include stocks of raw material, work in process, finished goods, consumables, stores & spares and such other movables including book debts, outstanding monies, receivables both present and future of such form satisfactory to the bank.
ii) First Pari passu charge to the above banks by way of hypothecation of the borrower’s movable properties of the Company (Except those specifically charged to term loan lenders).
iii) First Pari passu charge to the above banks by way of equitable mortgage on the following Immovable properties of the Company:-
I. First Charge by way of equitable mortgage of land measuring 6.5125 acres and building in Sy.No 54,55/A,70, 71&72 of Annaram Village, Near Air Force Academy, Gummadidala Mandal, Sanga Reddy District, Telangana belonging to the Company.
II. First Charge by way of equitable mortgage of land measuring 6413 Sq. Yards and building in Sy.No. 164 part, Dammarapochampally Village, Gandimaisamma Dundigal Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana belonging to the Company.
III. First charge by way of equitable mortgage of land measuring 1066.63 Sq. Yards and building in Plot No. D-177 phase III, IDA, Jeedimetla, Qutballapur Mandal, Medchal District. Telangana belonging to the Company.
IV. First charge by way of equitable mortgage of ground floor, Cellar area of building bearing Municipal No. 8-2- 293/82/A/700&700/1 on Plot No. 700 forming part of S.Y. No. 120(New) of Shaikpet Village and S.Y. No 102/1 of Hakim pet Village admeasuring 3653 SFT of the office space presently occupied by the vendee 50% or 930 SFT of reception area of 1860 SFT all in relevance to the ground Floor 400 Sq.Yards out of 1955 Sq.Yards situated within the approved layout of the Jubilee Hills Co-operative House Building Ltd at Road No. 36 Jubilee hills, belonging to the Company.
V. First charge by way of equitable mortgage of land and building in Shed No. D-17 & D-18, phase III, IDA, Jeedimetla, Qutballapur Mandal, Medchal District. Telangana belonging to the Company.
VI. Personal guarantees of J. Lakshmana Rao, A. Subramanyam, and P. Venkateswara Rao, directors of the Company.
The above sensitivity analysis is based on a change in each assumption while holding all other assumptions constant. In practice, this is unlikely to occur and changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated. When calculating the sensitivity of the defined benefit obligation to significant actuarial assumptions, the same method (present value of the defined benefit obligation calculated with the projected unit credit method at the end of the reporting period) has been applied as when calculating the defined benefit liability recognised in the balance sheet.
v) Risk exposure
Through its defined benefit plans, the Company is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are detailed below:
Interest rate risk
The defined benefit obligation calculated uses a discount rate based on government bonds. If bond yields fall, the defined benefit obligation will tend to increase.
Salary inflation risk
Higher than expected increases in salary will increase the defined benefit obligation.
Demographic risk
This is the risk of variability of results due to unsystematic nature of decrements that include mortality, withdrawal, disability and retirement. The effect of these decrements on the defined benefit obligation is not straight forward and depends upon the combination of salary increase, discount rate and vesting criteria. It is important not to overstate withdrawals because in the financial analysis the retirement benefit of a short career employee typically costs less per year as compared to a long service employee.
If significant inputs required to fair value an instruments are observable, the instrument is included in Level 2.
Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs are not based on observable market data, the instruments is included in level 3.
There has been no change in the valuation methodology for Level 3 inputs during the year. The Company has not classified any material financial instruments under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year.
Management uses its best judgement in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments. However, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented above are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could have realized or paid in sale transactions as of respective dates. As such, the fair value of financial instruments subsequent to the reporting dates may be different from the amounts reported at each reporting date. In respect of investments as at the transaction date, the Company has assessed the fair value to be the carrying value of the investments as these companies are in their initial years of operations obtaining necessary regulatory approvals to commence their business.
The fair value of trade receivables, trade payables and other Current financial assets and liabilities is considered to be equal to the carrying amounts of these items due to their short-term nature. Where such items are Non-current in nature, the same has been classified as Level 3 and fair value determined using discounted cash flow basis. Similarly, unquoted equity instruments where most recent information to measure fair value is insufficient, or if there is a wide range of possible fair value measurements, cost has been considered as the best estimate of fair value.
37. Financial risk management
The Company is exposed to market risk (fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates, price and interest rate), liquidity risk and credit risk, which may adversely impact the fair value of its financial instruments. The Company assesses the unpredictability of the financial environment and seeks to mitigate potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Company.
(A) Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises of currency risk, interest rate risk and price risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include loans and borrowings, trade receivables and trade payables involving foreign currency exposure. The sensitivity analyses in the following sections relate to the position as at 31 March, 2025 and 31 March, 2024.
The analysis exclude the impact of movements in market variables on the carrying values of financial assets and liabilties.
The sensitivity of the relevant profit or loss item is the effect of the assumed changes in respective market risks. This is based on the financial assets and financial liabilities held at 31 March, 2025 and 31 March, 2024.
(i) Foreign currency exchange rate risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the trade/ other payables, trade/other receivables and derivative assets/liabilities. The risks primarily relate to fluctuations in US Dollar, AUD, EURO, JPY and AED against the functional currencies of the Company. The Company’s exposure to foreign currency changes for all other currencies is not material. The Company evaluates the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations by assessing its exposure to exchange rate risks.
The following tables demonstrate the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in US Dollar, AUD, EURO, JPY and AED exchange rates, with all other variables held constant. The impact on the Company’s profit before tax is due to changes in the fair value of monetary assets and liabilities.
The movement in the pre-tax effect is a result of a change in the fair value of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in US Dollar, AUD, EURO, JPY and AED, where the functional currency of the entity is a currency other than US Dollar, AUD, EURO, JPY and AED.
(iii) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of change in market interest rates. The Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company’s debt obligations with floating interest rates. As the Company has certain debt obligations with floating interest rates, exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates are dependent of changes in market interest rates. Management monitors the movement in interest rate and, wherever possible, reacts to material movements in such rates by restructuring its financing arrangement.
As the Company has no significant interest bearing assets, the income and operating cash flows are substantially independent of changes in market interest rates.
(B) Credit Risk
Financial assets of the Company include trade receivables, loans to wholly owned subsidiary, employee advances, security deposits held with government authorities and bank deposits which represents Company’s maximum exposure to the credit risk.
With respect to credit exposure from customers, the Company has a procedure in place aiming to minimise collection losses. Credit Control team assesses the credit quality of the customers, their financial position, past experience in payments and other relevant factors. The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management also considers the factors that may influence the credit risk of its customer base, including default risk associate with the industry and country in which customers operate. Credit quality of a customer is assessed based on an extensive credit rating scorecard and individual credit limits are defined in accordance with this assessment. With respect to other financial assets viz., loans & advances, deposits with government and banks, the credit risk is insignificant since the loans & advances are given to its wholly owned subsidiary and employees only and deposits are held with government bodies and reputable banks. The credit quality of the financial assets is satisfactory, taking into account the allowance for credit losses.
Credit risk on trade receivables and other financial assets is evaluated as follows:
40. The Company has received a letter dated 30 September, 2024, under Section 37 (1) and (3) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 read with Section 131(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 from the Directorate of Enforcement, Government of India (“ED”) requesting certain information for the purpose of investigation. The Company has responded to the ED letter by providing the information requested for vide replies dated 9 October, 2024, 5 November, 2024, 25 November, 2024 and 15 May, 2025 . The letter has only sought for certain information, which has been complied with, and it is neither a show cause notice nor demand. Hence there is no impact to the financial statements.
41. Code on Social Security: The Indian Parliament has approved the Code on Social Security, 2020 which would impact the contributions by the company towards Provident Fund and Gratuity. The Ministry of Labour and Employment has released draft rules for the Code on Social Security, 2020 on November 13, 2020, and has invited suggestions from stakeholders which are under active consideration by the Ministry. The Company will assess the impact and its evaluation once the subject rules are notified and will give appropriate impact in its financial statements in the period in which, the Code becomes effective and the related rules to determine the financial impact are published.
42. No funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (“Intermediaries”) with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries). The Company has not received any fund from any party(s) (Funding Party) with the understanding that the Company shall whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified by or on behalf of the Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
43. The company has an accounting software for maintaining its books of account having the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software and the same is preserved. Further, the audit trail is not disabled. However, the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility at database level is not enabled.
As per our report of even date For and on behalf of Board
For M.Anandam & Co.,
Chartered Accountants Sd/- Sd/-
(Firm Registration Number: 000125S) J. Lakshmana Rao A. Subramanyam
Chairman & Managing Director Deputy Managing Director
Sd/- DIN: 00649702 DIN: 00654046
B V Suresh Kumar
Partner
Membership No. 212187 Sd/- Sd/-
A. Seshu Kumari Harshita Suresh Chandnani
Place : Hyderabad Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
Date : 19 May, 2025 M.No.ACS64959
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