2.11 Provisions, Contingent Liability and Contingent Assets
Disputed liabilities and claims against the company including claims raised by fiscal
authorities (e.g. Sales Tax, Income Tax, Excise, GST etc.) pending in appeal / court for which
no reliable estimate can be made and or involves uncertainty of the outcome of the
amount of the obligation or which are remotely poised for crystallization are not provided
for in accounts but disclosed in notes to accounts. However, present obligation as a result
of past event with possibility of outflow of resources, when reliable estimation can be
made of the amount of obligation, is recognized in accounts in terms of discounted value, if
the time value of money is material using a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risk
specific to the liability. No contingent asset is recognized but disclosed by way of notes to
accounts.
2.12 Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow
to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the
payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration
received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and
excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the Government such as Goods and
Services Tax, etc.
Rendering of Services
Revenue from rendering of services is recognized as per the terms of the contract with
customers when related services are performed and when the outcome of the transactions
involving rendering of services can be estimated reliably.
Dividend Income
Dividend Income is accounted for when the right to receive the same is established, which
is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
Interest Income
Interest Income on financial assets measured at amortised cost is recognised on a time-
proportion basis using the effective interest method.
Other Income
Other income is recognised when no significant uncertainty as to its determination or
realisation exists.
2.13 Cash Flows and Cash and Cash Equivalents
Statement of cash flows is prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in
the IND AS 7. For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and
cash equivalents includes cash on hand, cheques and drafts on hand, deposits held with
Banks, other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months
or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an
insignificant risk of changes in value, and book overdrafts. However, Book overdrafts are
shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet for the purpose of
presentation
2.14 Earnings per share
(i) Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:
• The profit attributable to owners of the Company
• By the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the
financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the
year.
(ii) Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic
earnings per share to take into account:
• The after 'income-tax' effect of interest and other financing costs associated
with dilutive potential equity shares, and
• The weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been
outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
2.15 Segment Reporting
Based on "Management Approach" as defined in IND AS 108 - Operating Segments, the
Management evaluates the Company's performance and allocates the resources based on
an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments.
The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies
adopted for preparing and presenting the Standalone Financial Statements of the
Company as a whole.
2.16 Foreign Currency Transactions
In preparing the Standalone Financial Statements of the Company, transactions in foreign
currencies, other than the Company's functional currency are recognised at the rates of
exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period,
monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate
prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in
a foreign currency, are not retranslated.
Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss
in the period in which these arise except for:
• exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under
construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those
assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign
currency borrowings; and
• exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign
currency risks.
2.17 Events occurring after the balance sheet date
Assets and liabilities are adjusted for events occurring after the reporting period that
provides additional evidence to assist the estimation of amounts relating to conditions
existing at the end of the reporting period.
Dividends declared by the Company after the reporting period are not recognized as
liability at the end of the reporting period. Dividends declared after the reporting period
but before the issue of Standalone Financial Statements are not recognized as liability
since no obligation exists at that time. Such dividends are disclosed in the notes to the
Standalone Financial Statements .
2.18 Financial Instruments
i. Recognition and initial measurement
All financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognized when the
Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an
item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are
directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.
ii. Classification and subsequent measurement
Financial assets
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at
• amortized cost;
• Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI) - equity investment; or
• Fair Value Through Profit and Loss (FVTPL)
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if
and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial
assets.
A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following
conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:
• the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to
collect contractual cash flows; and
• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash
flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount
outstanding.
On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the
Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment's
fair value in OCI. (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made
on an investment-by-investment basis.
All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as
described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets.
On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that
otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI or
at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that
would otherwise arise.
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial
liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, or it is a
derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at
FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest
expense, are recognized in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently
measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense
and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or
loss on de-recognition is also recognized in profit or loss
De-recognition
Financial assets
The company de-recognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the
cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the
contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and
rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the
company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of
ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.
If the company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized on
its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards
of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.
Financial liabilities
The company de-recognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are
discharged or cancelled, or expire. The company also de-recognizes a financial
liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms
are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the
modified terms is recognized at fair value. The difference between the carrying
amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with
modified terms is recognized in profit or loss.
Offsetting
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in
the balance sheet when, and only when, the company currently has a legally
enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a
net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
34 Financial risk management
The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks, including credit risk, and liquidity risk. The Company's
primary risk management focus is to minimize potential adverse effects of market risk on its financial performance. The
Company's risk management assessment and policies and processes are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by
the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor such risks and compliance with the same.
The Company's risk management is governed by policies and approved by the board of directors. The Company identifies,
evaluates and hedges financial risks in close co-operation with the Company's operating units. The Company has policies for
overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit
risk, use of non-derivative financial instruments.
The audit committee oversees how management monitors compliance with the company's risk management policies and
procedures, and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risks faced by the Company. The
audit committee is assisted in its oversight role by internal audit. Internal audit undertakes both regular and ad hoc reviews
of risk management controls and procedures, the results of which are reported to the audit committee.
I Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its
contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company's receivables from customers. Credit risk is managed
through credit approvals, establishing credit limits, and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which
the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. The history of trade receivables shows a negligible
provision for bad and doubtful debts. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful debts and impairment that
represents its estimate of expected losses in respect of trade and other receivables and investments. The company has
adopted simplified approach of ECL model for impairment.
i) Trade Receivables:
The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The
demographics of the customer, including the default risk of the industry and country in which the customer operates, also
has an influence on credit risk assessment. The Company with various activities as mentioned above manages credit risk. An
impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date on an individual basis for major customers. In addition, a large
number of minor receivables are grouped into homogenous groups and assessed for impairment collectively. The calculation
is based on historical data. The Company does not hold collateral as security.
ii) Financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired
Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the Company's treasury department in
accordance with the Company's assessment of credit risk about particular financial institution. None of the Company's cash
equivalents, including term deposits (i.e., certificates of deposit) with banks, were past due or impaired as at each balance
sheet date.
Cash and cash equivalents
The company holds cash and cash equivalents of Rs. 38.31 at March 31, 2024 (March 31, 2023: Rs. 33.79 lakh) The cash and
cash equivalents are held with bank and cash on hand.
II Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. The level of
liquidity risk is very low considering the fact that the company relies on operating cash flows and owned equity. Currently
the company has borrowed funds from bank mainly for day to day business needs (i.e. Cash Credit Facilities are being availed
by the company).
Further the Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves and banking facilities by continuously
monitoring the forecasted and actual cash flows and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. The
Company manages its liquidity risk by ensuring, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its
liabilities when due.
Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair values or future cash flows that may result from adverse changes in
market rates and prices (such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices) or in the price of
market risk-sensitive instruments as a result of such adverse changes in market rates and prices. Market risk is attributable
to all market risk-sensitive financial instruments, all foreign currency receivables and payables and all short term and long¬
term debt. The Company is exposed to market risk primarily related to foreign exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and
commodity risk.
a) Interest Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in
market interest rates. In order to optimize the Company's position with regards to the interest income and interest expenses
and to manage the interest rate risk, treasury performs
a comprehensive corporate interest rate risk management by balancing the proportion of fixed rate and floating rate
financial instruments in it total portfolio.
With all other variables held constant, the following table demonstrates the impact of the borrowing cost on floating rate
portion of loans and borrowings and excluding loans on which interest rate swaps are taken.Interest rate risk is the risk that
the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The
Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates related primarily to the Company's short-term
borrowings with floating interest rates. Company's treasury department monitors the interest rate movement and manages
the interest rate risk based on its policies.
36 Capital Management:
The Company's capital management is intended to maximise the return to shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders
for meeting the long-term and short-term goals of the Company;and reduce the cost of capital through the optimization of
the capital structure i.e. the debt and equity balance.
The Company monitors the capital structure on the basis of net gearing ratio and maturity profile of the overall debt
portfolio of the Company.
42 The Company do not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the
Company for holding any Benami property.
43 The Company do not have any transactions with companies struck off.
44 The Company do not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory
45 The Company have not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
46 The Company have not any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been
47 The Company have not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding
Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
a. directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by
or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
b. provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries,
48 The Company have not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including
foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
a. directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by
or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
b. provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries
49 Subsequent Events:
Subsequent to Balance Sheet Date, there are no events occurred which require disclosure or adjustments in the
standalone financial statements.
50 Approval of the Financial
The Standalone Financial Statements were approved for issue by the board of directors on May 31, 2024.
51 Previous year's figures have been regrouped/re-arranged/recasted, wherever necessary, so as to make them
comparable with current year's figures.
For, H S K & CO LLP For and on behalf of the Board of Directors
Chartered Accountants
FRN: 117014W/W100685 SD/-
Jignesh Shah Nehal Shah
SD/- Whole-time Director Director
CA. Sudhir S. Shah DIN:02112343 DIN: 07869702
Partner SD/- SD/-
Membership No. 115947 Rashmi Otavani
Jignesh Shah
UDIN: 24115947BKAPEX7999 .. Company Secretary
Chief financial officer
Place : Ahmedabad Place : Ahmedabad
Date : May 30,2024 Date : May 30,2024
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