Accounting Policy

Property, Plant and Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if
any. Cost includes purchase price (net of trade discount and rebates) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the
asset to its working condition for its intended use and for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance
with the Ind AS 23. Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any. When
significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them
separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in
the carrying amount of the plant and equipments as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other
repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Depreciation

Depreciation commences when an asset is ready for its intended use. Freehold land and assets held for sale are not
depreciated.

Regulated Assets:

Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipments in respect of regulated business of the Company covered under Part
B of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, has been provided on the straight line method at the rates specified in
tariff regulation notified by respective state electricity regulatory commission.

Depreciation on the replaced asset has been calculated using the straight-line method, based on management's
assessment of its useful life.

Non-Regulated Assets:

Depreciation is recognised on the cost of assets (other than freehold land and properties under construction) less their
residual values over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period,
with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis. The Company, based on technical
assessment made by technical expert and management estimate, depreciates certain items of building, plant and
equipment over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies
Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of
the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

Derecognition

An item of Property, Plant and Equipments is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are
expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an
item of Property, Plant and Equipments is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment

Impairment of Property, Plant and Equipments and Other Intangible Assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If
any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s
recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU) fair
value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the
asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets.

When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and
is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using an appropriate
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In
determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions
can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples,
quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators. The Company bases its
impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the
Company’s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.

Impairment losses of Property, Plant and Equipments and Other Intangible Assets are recognised in the Statement of
Profit and Loss.

Notes :

i. The Company had in accordance with Ind AS 36 - “Impairment of Assets”, carried out impairment assessment of its assets of Mundra
Ultra Mega Power Project (UMPP), along with investments in shipping company - Trust Energy Resources Pte. Ltd. and Indonesian
mining companies - PT Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) and PT Baramulti Suksessarana TBK (BSSR) through intermediate holding companies
(associates operating coal mines in Indonesia and supplying coal to Mundra plant for UMPP).

All these investment in companies and assets of UMPP constitute a single cash generating unit (CGU) and form part of same segment
due to interdependency of cash flows. There were significant losses being incurred in UMPP on account of significant increase in coal
prices due to change in Indonesian laws which is offset by the profits earned by the mining companies.

The Company assessed the impairment on the basis of detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for
each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. For Mundra power plant, future cash flows is estimated based
on remaining period of long term power purchase agreement (PPA) and thereafter based on management's estimate on tariff and other
assumptions. Cash flow projection of mines are derived based on estimated coal production considering renewal of license for operating
the mines. The license for operating mines are renewed for a period of 10 years with an option of renewal of further period of 10 years
with Government of Indonesia. In the past, the Company had recognised an impairment provision of ' 310.94 crore in CGU.

A reassessment of the assumptions used in estimating the impact of impairment of the cash generating unit (CGU) comprising of UMPP
and the Indonesian coal mines in relation to aforesaid, combined with the significant impact of unwinding of a year's discount on the
cash flows, would have resulted in a reversal of ' 310.94 crore of provision for impairment. Management believes that the reversal
of impairment has not resulted from any significant improvement in the estimated service potential of the said CGU; and hence no
adjustment has been made.

Key assumptions used for value in use calculation include coal prices, energy prices post PPA period, discount rates and exchange rates.
Short term coal prices and energy prices used in three to five years projections are based on market survey and expert analysis report.
Afterwards increase in cost of coal and exchange rates are considered based on long term historical trend. Further the management
strongly believes that mining Licenses will be renewed post expiry for further period of 10 years by Government of Indonesia. Discount
rate represents the current market assessment of the risk specific to CGU taking into consideration the time value of money. Pre tax
discount rate used in the calculation of value in use of Property, Plant and Equipments in power plant is 10.56 % p.a. (March 31, 2024:
10.50% p.a.) and investment in coal mines and related infrastructure companies is 12.30 % p.a. (March 31, 2024: 11.85% p.a.)

ii. During the earlier years, the Company had recorded an impairment charge of ' 100 crore in respect of Unit 6 generating station
(Thermal and Hydro Segment) located at Trombay. During the previous year, the Company has sold certain assets and consequently
gain of ' 90.96 Crore has been recognised as Other income in the Standalone Financial Statements after adjusting the impairment
provision amounting to ' 58.59 crore. Also, during the current year the Company has sold certain assets and and adjusted the
impairment provision amounting to ' 35.62 crore.

iii. Refer Note 22 for charge created on Property, Plant and Equipment.

iv. Includes gain on fair valuation of land which is not available for distribution amounting to ' 87.88 crore (March 31, 2024'87.88 crore).

5c. Intangible Assets

Accounting Policy

Intangible Assets acquired separately

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible
assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Internally generated Intangible Assets

Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure
is reflected in profit or loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

Derecognition of Intangible Assets

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the asset is
derecognised.

Useful lives of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life on straight line basis and assessed for
impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and
the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life is reviewed at least at the end of each reporting
period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied
in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes
in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of
profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Accounting policy related to Impairment has been disclosed in Note 5a.

Estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows:

viii. The Company holds 12.67 crore shares of Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra) Limited (“TTML”) designated as fair value through OCI
which is carried out at each balance sheet date basis the quoted price. During the earlier year, quoted price of TTML has witnessed
significant fluctuation and management believes that the quoted price did not represent the fair value of TTML shares since it has
accumulated losses and negative net worth and on a conservative basis, the management has not recognized fair value gain in OCI
after September 30, 2021. However, during the current year considering the market conditions have got stabilized and the price
has become more reliable and represents the fair value, the Company has resumed the fair valuation of the investment effective
from March 31, 2025 and recognised a gain of ' 265.34 crore in OCI income.

ix. The Company holds investments in Adjaristsqali Netherlands B.V. (ABV) (a joint venture of the Company operating 187 MW
hydro power plant in Georgia) through intermediate holding Company Tata Power International Pte. Ltd. (TPIPL). In the past, the
Company, in accordance with Ind AS 36 - 'Impairment of Assets' had recognized impairment provision on investment of ' 552.91
crore. Based on the recoverability assessment performed by the Company the actual cashflows are in line with estimated cash
flow projections. Accordingly there are no indicator for impairment of investments as on March 31, 2025.

7 Non-Current Investments (Contd.)

x. During the year, the Company has performed the recovery assessment for its investment in TP Renewable Microgrid Limited.
Based on the estimated cash flow projections, the Company has impaired the equity investment amounting to ' 40.10 crore and
investment in perpetual security amounting to ' 19.90 crore.

xi. Investments at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI) reflects investment in quoted and unquoted equity
securities. These equity shares are designated as FVTOCI as they are not held for trading purpose and are not in similar line of
business as the Company. Thus, disclosing their fair value fluctuation in profit or loss will not reflect the purpose of holding.

xii. The cost of these investments approximate their fair value because there is a wide range of possible fair value measurements and
the cost represents the best estimate of fair value within that range.

Notes:

a Company holds security deposits of ' 417.01 crore (March 31, 2024 - ' 348.35 crore) in respect of electricity receivables.

b The carrying amount of trade receivable does not include receivables of ' 2,049.64 crore (March 31, 2024: ' 1,498.35 crore) which are

subject to a factoring arrangement. Under this arrangement, the Company has transferred the relevant receivables to the factoring
agent in exchange for cash on non recourse basis. The Company, therefore, has derecognised the said receivables under the said
arrangement. Amount received from such customers not transferred to factoring agent is disclosed as financial liability (Refer Note 25).

c There are no outstanding receivables due from directors or other officers of the Company.

8 (a) Trade Receivables

As at March 31, 2025, ' 1,122.35 crore (March 31, 2024 - ' 945.58 crore) is due from Brihanmumbai Electric Supply &
Transport Undertaking, Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Company Ltd., Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited,
and Tata Steel Ltd. which represents Company's large customers who owe more than 5% of the total balance of trade
receivables.

In the Thermal and Hydro business, the Company supplies power only to a few customers which are State distribution
companies and in Transmission business, the Company provides transmission services to a Government Company and
hence the Company assesses expected credit allowance on case to case basis.

The Company has used a practical expedient by computing the expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables
relating to Distribution business, except for receivables from government entities, based on a provision matrix.
The provision matrix takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward looking information.
The expected credit loss allowance is based on the ageing of the days the receivables are due.

10. Finance Lease Receivable - At Amortised Cost

(Unsecured unless otherwise stated)

Accounting Policy

Leases are classified as finance lease whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards
incidental to ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating lease. Amount due from lessees under
finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company's net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is
allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding
in respect of the lease. The Company recognises lease payments received under operating leases as income on a
straight-line basis over the lease term.

10.1 Leasing Arrangements

There are two types of leasing arrangement:

a) Generation of Power: The Company has entered into Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) with a customer for its
assets located at Jojobera. The PPA relates for 30 years of take or pay agreements with the customer to supply
electricity at a fixed plus variable charge. The customer, during the term of the PPAs has a right to purchase
the assets and at the end of the contract is obligated to purchase the same on the basis of the valuation to be
determined as per the PPAs. The Company has recognised an amount of ' 64.36 crore (March 31, 2024'79.03
crore) as income for finance lease during the year ended March 31, 2025.

b) Transmission and Distribution of Power: During the previous year, the Company has entered into arrangements
with customer for leasing of Plant and equipments. The arrangements is for 10 to 15 years to operate, maintain,
and manage the equipment at fixed monthly lease rent payment. The Company has recognised an amount of
' 0.56 crore (March 31, 2024'0.44 crore) as income for finance lease during the year ended March 31, 2025.

Lessor - Operating Lease

The Company has entered into operating leases for some of its building, plant and machinery and other equipment.
These typically have lease terms of between 1 and 10 years. The Company has recognised an amount of ' 35.98 crore
(March 31, 2024 - ' 29.96 crore) as rental income for operating lease during the year ended March 31, 2025.

388 Powering Lives. Sustaining Futures.

16. Cash and Cash Equivalents - At Amortised Cost

Accounting Policy

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at banks and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months
or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash and cash equivalents include balances with
banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

For the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise of cash at banks and short¬
term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdraft as they are considered an integral part of the
Company's cash management.

18a. Assets Classified as Held For Sale

Accounting Policy

Non-current assets or disposal group are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally
through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset
or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and
customary for sale of such asset or disposal group and its sale is highly probable. Management must be committed
to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of
classification. As at each balance sheet date, the management reviews the appropriateness of such classification.

Non-current assets or disposal group classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount
and fair value less costs to sell. Property, plant and equipments and intangible assets once classified as held for sale
are not depreciated or amortised.

A disposal group qualifies as discontinued operation if it is a component of an entity that either has been disposed of,
or is classified as held for sale, and:

- represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations,

- is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area
of operations.

19. Regulatory Deferral Account

Accounting Policy

The Company determines revenue gaps (i.e. surplus/shortfall in actual returns over returns entitled) in respect of its
regulated operations in accordance with the provisions of Ind AS 114 - 'Regulatory Deferral Accounts' read with the
Guidance Note on Rate Regulated Activities issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and based
on the principles laid down under the relevant Tariff Regulations/Tariff Orders notified by the Electricity Regulator and
the actual or expected actions of the regulator under the applicable regulatory framework. Appropriate adjustments
in respect of such revenue gaps are made in the regulatory deferral account of the respective year for the amounts
which are reasonably determinable and no significant uncertainty exists in such determination. These adjustments/
accruals representing revenue gaps are carried forward as Regulatory deferral accounts debit/credit balances
(Regulatory Assets/Regulatory Liabilities) as the case may be in the Standalone Financial Statements, which would be
recovered/refunded through future billing based on future tariff determination by the regulator in accordance with
the electricity regulations. The Company presents separate line items in the balance sheet for:

i. the total of all regulatory deferral account debit balances; and

ii. the total of all regulatory deferral account credit balances.

A separate line item is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the net movement in regulatory deferral
account.

Rate Regulated Activities

(i) As per Ind AS 114 - 'Regulatory Deferral Accounts', the business of electricity distribution is a Rate Regulated activity
wherein Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission ('MERC'), determines Tariff to be charged to consumers
based on prevailing regulations.

MERC Multi Year Tariff Regulations, 2019 ('MYT Regulations'), is applicable for the period beginning from April 1,
2020 to March 31, 2025. These regulations require MERC to determine tariff in a manner wherein the Company can
recover its fixed and variable costs including fixed rate of return on approved equity base, from its consumers. The
Company determines the Revenue, Regulatory Assets and Liabilities as per the terms and conditions specified in MYT
Regulations.

(ii) Risks associated with future recovery/reversal of regulatory deferral account balances:

(a) demand risk due to changes in consumer attitudes, the availability of alternative sources of supply

(b) regulatory risk on account of changes in regulations and submission or approval of a rate-setting application or
the entity’s assessment of the expected future regulatory actions

(c) other risks including market risks, if any.

(iii) During the year, the Ministry of Power (MOP) has issued Electricity Distribution (Accounts and Additional Disclosure)
Rules, 2024 ('the Notification') under the Electricity Act, 2003 which is applicable prospectively from October 14,
2024. On April 8, 2025, the MOP has issued a draft amendment and sought comments on said Rule 4 proposing
accounting for RDA as per applicable accounting standards and guidance note on accounting for Rate regulated
entities. It further suggests impairment criteria basis age of RDA effective from April 1, 2025. The Company is of the
view, supported by a legal opinion and the draft amendment issued by MOP, that Rule 4 of the Notification has no
impact on the recognition of regulatory deferral account balances ('RDA'). Accordingly, the Company believes there
is no impact of the said rule 4 and the proposed amendment on the accounting of RDA as at March 31, 2025.

394 Powering Lives. Sustaining Futures.

Notes:

(i) The shareholders of the Company in their meeting held on July 16, 2024 approved final dividend of ' 2.00 per fully paid share
aggregating to ' 639.07 crore for the financial year 2023-2024. The said dividend has been paid to the holders of fully paid
equity shares on July 18, 2024.

(ii) Includes gain on fair valuation of land which is not available for distribution is ' 87.88 crore (March 31, 2024'87.88 crore).

(iii) The Board of Directors at its meeting held on May 14,2025 proposed a dividend of ' 2.25 per equity share subject to the
approval of the shareholders in the upcoming annual general meeting and accordingly the same has not been included as
a liability in the Standalone Financial Statements. The proposed equity dividend is payable to all holders of fully paid equity
shares. The total estimated equity dividend to be paid is ' 718.95 crore.

21. Other Equity (Contd.)

Nature and purpose of reserves:

Securities Premium

Securities Premium is used to record the premium on issue of shares and can be utilised in accordance with the provisions
of the Companies Act, 2013.

Debenture Redemption Reserve

The Company was required to create a Debenture Redemption Reserve out of the profits which are available for
payment of dividend for the purpose of redemption of debentures. Pursuant to Companies (Share Capital and
Debentures) Amendment Rules, 2019 dated August 16, 2019, the Company is not creating additional debenture
redemption reserve (DRR) from the effective date of amendment. DRR created till previous years will be transferred
to retained earnings on redemption of debentures.

Capital Redemption Reserve

Capital Redemption Reserve represents amounts set aside on redemption of preference shares.

Capital Reserve

Capital Reserve consists of forfeiture of the amount received from Tata Sons Pvt. Ltd. on preferential allotment of
convertible warrants in the Company, on the lapse of the period to exercise right to convert the said warrants and on
forfeiture of amounts paid on Debentures.

Statutory Reserve

Statutory Reserve consists of Special Appropriation towards Project Cost, Development Reserve and Investment
Allowance Reserve.

Special appropriation to project cost - Due to high capital investment required for the expansion in the electricity
industry, the Maharashtra State Government had permitted part of the capital cost of approved projects to be
collected through the electricity tariff and held as a special appropriation.

Development Reserve / Investment Allowance Reserve - Until 1978, the Companies made appropriations to
a Development Reserve and an Investment Allowance Reserve as required by the Income Tax Act, 1956. New
appropriations to these reserves are no longer required due to changes in law.

Share Based Payments Reserve

The share options-based payment reserve is used to recognise the grant date fair value of options issued to employees
under Employee stock option plan.

Retained Earnings

Retained Earnings are the profits/losses of the Company earned/incurred till date net of appropriations.

Equity Instruments through Other Comprehensive Income

This reserve represents the cumulative gains and losses arising on revaluation of equity instruments measured at
fair value through other comprehensive income, net of amounts reclassified to retained earnings when those equity
instruments are disposed off.

22. Non-current Borrowings - At Amortised Cost (Contd.)

Security

(i) The debentures mentioned in (a) was secured by pari-passu charge on all movable fixed assets (excluding land and
building), present and future (except Haldia plant assets both present and future) including movable machinery,
machinery spares, tools and accessories, present and future, but excluding vehicles, launches and barges.

(ii) The debentures and loans mentioned in (b),(c),(e),(f),(g) and (j) have been secured by pari passu charge on all movable
fixed assets (excluding land and building), present and future including movable machinery, machinery spares, tools
and accessories, present and future, but excluding vehicles, launches and barges.

(iii) The loans mentioned in (e) for the facility of ' 253.53 Crore and (j) for the facility of ' 235.83 Crore have been secured
by first ranking and pari-passu charge by way of hypothecation on all the tangible fixed assets and capital work in
progress of the Company (including its power plant at Jojobera and excluding its power plant at Mundra, land and
building, leasehold assets/ right of use assets, motor vehicles, launches, barges, helicopters etc, furniture, fixtures and
office equipment), present and future.

(iv) The loan mentioned in (e) for the facility of ' 500.00 Crore have been secured by negative lien of on all immovable
properties of Mundra power plant, first pari-passu on all movable fixed assets including but not limited to plant &
machinery, machinery spares, tolls and accessories, furniture, fixtures, vehicles, and other movable fixed assets, both
present and future. The said security shall be shared on pari-passu basis inter se with other lenders of the borrower
and excluding the other immovable and movable assets of the Company.

(v) The loans mentioned in (e) for the facility of ' 300.00 Crore and (h) for the facility of ' 300.00 Crore has been secured
by first pari-passu charge on all the tangible fixed assets of the Company including power plant at Jojobera and Haldia
and excluding power plant at Mundra.

(vi) The loan mentioned in (d) for the facility of ' 215.00 Crore has been secured negative lien on all immovable properties
and first pari-passu charge on all movable fixed assets of Mundra plant.

(vii) The loan mentioned in (i) has been secured by first ranking and pari passu charge by way of hypothecation on all the
tangible fixed assets of the company (including its power plant at Jojobera and excluding its power plant at Mundra),
present and future, including any capital WIP further excluding, land and building, leasehold assets/right of use assets,
motor vehicles, launches, barges, helicopters etc., furniture, fixtures and office equipments.

23. Lease Liabilities

Accounting Policy

At inception of contract, the Company assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains,
a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for
consideration. At inception or on reassessment of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates
consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of their relative standalone price.

As a Lessee

i) Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of
lease payments to be made over the lease term. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company
uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the discount rate implicit in the lease is not
readily determinable.

After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and
reduced for the lease payments made. The carrying amount is remeasured when there is a change in future lease
payments arising from a change in index or rate. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured
if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments or a change in the assessment
of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

ii) Short term leases and leases of low value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases. It also applies the lease
of low-value assets recognition exemption that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term
leases and leases of low value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Leasing arrangement as Lessee

The Company has lease contracts for various items of plant, machinery, land, vehicles and other equipment used
in its operations. Leases of lands including sub-surface rights and plant and equipment generally have lease term
between 2 and 40 years.

Notes:

(i) From the amount deposited in Investor Education and Protection Fund there are amount aggregating to ' 0.24 crore (March 31,2024 - '
0.24 crore) in respect of which disputes are currently ongoing.

(ii) During the year, the Company has reassessed presentation of outstanding employee salaries and wages, which were previously
presented under ‘Trade Payables' within ‘Current Financial Liabilities'. In line the recent opinion issued by the Expert Advisory Committee
(EAC) of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) on the “Classification and Presentation of Accrued Wages and Salaries
to Employees”, the Company has concluded that presenting such amounts under ‘Other Financial Liabilities', within ‘Current Financial
Liabilities', results in improved presentation and better reflects the nature of these obligations. Accordingly, amounts aggregating to '
185.18 crore as at March 31, 2024, previously classified under ‘Trade Payables', have been reclassified under the head ‘Other Financial
Liabilities'. Both line items form part of the main heading ‘Financial Liabilities'.

The above changes do not impact recognition and measurement of items in the financial statements, and, consequentially, there is no
impact on total equity and/ or profit (loss) for the current or any of the earlier periods. Nor there is any material impact on presentation
of cash flow statement. Considering the nature of changes, the management believes that they do not have any material impact on the
balance sheet at the beginning of the comparative period and, therefore, there is no need for separate presentation of third balance
sheet.

25a Acceptances - At Amortised Cost

The Company has reassessed certain disclosures to provide users with a clearer assessment of the impact on liabilities,
cash flows, and liquidity risks. Accordingly, interest-bearing short-term acceptances amounting to ' 2,771.18 crore (March
31, 2024- ' 2,588.41 crore), in the nature of trade credits availed from banks and financial institutions for payments to
coal suppliers, have been reclassified from ‘other financial liabilities’ and disclosed as a separate line under financial
liabilities.

Accounting Policy

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past
event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of
the amount of the obligation. The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required
to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties
surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present
obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money
is material).

Present obligations arising under onerous contracts are recognised and measured as provisions with charge to
Statement of Profit and Loss. An onerous contract is considered to exist where the Company has a contract under
which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected
to be received from the contract. Before a separate provision for an onerous contract is established, the Company
recognises any impairment loss that has occurred on assets dedicated to that contract.

Restructuring provisions are recognised only when the Company has a constructive obligation, which is when: (i) a
detailed formal plan identifies the business or part of the business concerned, the location and number of employees
affected, a detailed estimate of the associated costs, and the timeline; and (ii) the employees affected have been
notified of the plan’s main features.

Defined contribution plans

The Company participates in a number of defined contribution plans on behalf of relevant personnel. Any expense
recognised in relation to these schemes represents the value of contributions payable during the period by the Company
at rates specified by the rules of those plans.The only amounts included in the Standalone Financial Statements
are those relating to the prior months contributions that were not due to be paid until after the end of the
reporting period.

Defined benefits plans

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.
Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets
(excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the
Standalone Financial Statements with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period
in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the earlier of:

- The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

- The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company
recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the Statement of Profit
and Loss:

- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non
routine settlements; and

- Net interest expense or income.

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment medical benefits are determined using
actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual
developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality
rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is sensitive
to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. In determining the appropriate
discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds. The
mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in
response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Employee Benefit Plans

1. Defined Contribution plan
Superannuation fund

The Company have a superannuation plan for the benefit of its employees. Employees who are members of the
superannuation plan are entitled to benefits depending on the years of service and salary drawn. Separate
irrevocable trusts are maintained for employees covered and entitled to benefits. The Company contribute up to 15%
of the eligible employees’ salary to the trust every year. Such contributions are recognised as an expense as and when
incurred. The Company do not have any further obligations beyond this contribution.

The Company has recognised ' 7.47 crore (March 31, 2024 - ' 7.61 crore) for superannuation contribution in the
Statement of Profit and Loss. The contribution payable to the plan by the Company is at rates specified in the rules of
the plan.

2. Defined benefit plans

2.1 The Company operates the following unfunded/funded defined benefit plans:

Funded:

Provident Fund

The Company makes Provident Fund contributions to defined benefit plans for eligible employees. Under the scheme,
the Company is required to contribute a specified percentage of the payroll costs to fund the benefits. The contributions
as specified are paid to the provident fund trust set by the Company. The Company is liable for annual contributions.
However, any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return are recognised
as an expense in the year it is incurred.

Employee Benefits Plans
Funded/Unfunded:

Post Employment Medical Benefits

The Company provides certain post-employment health care benefits to superannuated employees at some
of its locations. In terms of the plan, the retired employees can avail free medical check-up and medicines at
Company's facilities.

Pension (including Director pension)

The Company operates a defined benefit pension plan for some of the employees who have completed 15 years of
continuous service. The plan provides benefits to members in the form of a pre-determined lumpsum payment on
retirement. Executive Director, on retirement, is entitled to pension payable for life including HRA benefit. The level
of benefit is approved by the Board of Directors of the Company from time to time.

Ex-Gratia Death Benefit

The Company has a defined benefit plan granting ex-gratia in case of death during service. The benefit consists of a
pre-determined lumpsum amount along with a sum determined based on the last drawn basic salary per month and
the length of service.

Retirement Gift

The Company has a defined benefit plan granting a pre-determined sum as retirement gift on superannuation
of an employee.

Gratuity

The Company has a defined benefit gratuity plan. The gratuity plan is primarily governed by the Payment of Gratuity
Act, 1972. Employees who are in continuous service for a period of five years are eligible for gratuity. The level of
benefits provided depends on the member's length of service and salary at the retirement date. In case of funded
plan, the fund has the form of a trust and is governed by Trustees appointed by the Company. The Trustees are
responsible for the administration of the plan assets and for the definition of the investment strategy in accordance
with the trust regulations. From April 1, 2022 employees of CGPL are covered in funded plan.

2.7 Risk exposure:

Through its defined benefit plans, the Company is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are
detailed below:

Asset volatility:

The plan liabilities are calculated using a discount rate set with reference to government bond yield. If plan assets
underperform this yield, it will result in deficit. These are subject to interest rate risk. To offset the risk, the plan assets
have been deployed in high grade insurer managed funds.

Inflation rate risk:

Higher than expected increase in salary and medical cost will increase the defined benefit obligation.

Demographic risk:

This is the risk of variability of results due to unsystematic nature of decrements that include mortality, withdrawal,
disability and retirement. The effect of these decrements on the defined benefit obligations is not straight forward
and depends upon the combination of salary increase, discount rate and vesting criterion.

2.8 Major categories of plan assets:

Plan assets are funded with the trust set up by the Company. The trust invests the funds in various financial instruments.
Major categories of plan assets are as follows:

31. Revenue from Operations

Revenue recognition

Accounting Policy

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the
customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for
those goods or services.

Description of performance obligations are as follows :

(i) Sale of Power - Generation (Thermal and Hydro) : Regulated

Revenue from sale of power is recognised (net of cash discount) over time for each unit of electricity delivered.
The Company as per the prevalent tariff regulations is required to recover its Annual Revenue Requirement
('ARR') comprising of expenditure on account of fuel cost, operations and maintenance expenses, financing costs,
taxes and assured return on regulator approved equity with additional incentive for operational efficiencies.
Accordingly, rate per unit is determined using input method based on the Company's efforts towards the
satisfaction of a performance obligation to deliver power.

As per tariff regulations, the Company determines ARR and any surplus/shortfall in recovery of the same is
accounted as revenue. With corresponding adjustment to recoverable from customer (in case of shortfall) or
payable to customer (in case of surplus).

(ii) Sale of Power - Generation : Non-regulated

Revenue from sale of power is recognised (net of cash discount, rebate, etc). when each unit of power is
supplied as it best depicts the value to the customer and complete satisfaction of performance obligation.
Variable Consideration forming part of the total transaction price including compensation on account of change
in law is allocated and recognised when the terms of variable payment relate specifically to the Company's efforts
to satisfy the performance obligation i.e. in the year of occurrence of event linked to variable consideration.

The transaction price has been adjusted for significant financing component, if any and the adjustment is
accounted as finance cost. The difference between the revenue recognised and amount invoiced has been
presented as deferred revenue/unbilled revenue.

(iii) Transmission of Power

Revenue from transmission of power is recognised net of cash discount over time for transmission of electricity.
The Company as per the prevalent tariff regulations is required to recover its Annual Revenue Requirement
('ARR') comprising of expenditure on account of operations and maintenance expenses, financing costs,
taxes and assured return on regulator approved equity with additional incentive for operational efficiencies.
Input method is used to recognize revenue based on the Company's efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of a
performance obligation to deliver power.

As per tariff regulations, the Company determines ARR and any surplus/shortfall in recovery of the same is
accounted as revenue.

(iv) Sale of Power - Distribution

Revenue from sale of power is recognised net of cash discount over time for each unit of electricity delivered at
the pre determined rate as per tariff order.

(v) Rendering of Services

Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised over time based on :

Input method where the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred
to date to the total estimated costs at completion of performance obligation. Revenue, including estimated fees
or profits, are recorded proportionally based on measure of progress.

31. Revenue from Operations (Contd.)

Output method where direct measurements of value to the customer based on survey of performance completed
to date.

Revenue is recognised net of cash discount at the contracted rate.

(vi) Sale and Installation of Power Distribution System with Deferred Payment facilities

The Company recognises a financial asset, attracting interest, in its balance sheet, in consideration for the
services it provides. Such financial assets are recognised in the balance sheet under Financial Assets, in an amount
corresponding to the fair value of the infrastructure on first recognition and subsequently at amortised cost. The
receivables is settled by means of the customer’s payment received. The income calculated on the basis of the
effective interest rate is recognised under other operating income.

(vii) Service Concession Arrangements

Revenue related to construction services provided under service concession arrangement is recognised based
on the stage of completion of the work performed. Operation and maintenance services revenue with respect
to intangible assets is recognised in the period in which the services are provided by the Group. Finance income
is recognised using effective interest rate method for financial assets.

(viii) Delayed Payment Charges

Consumers are billed on a monthly basis and are given interest free credit period of 30 to 60 days for payment.
Wherever applicable no delayed payment charges ('DPC') is charged for the initial 30 days from the date of
receipt of invoice by customers. Thereafter, DPC is charged as per the relevant contracts on the outstanding
balance. Revenue in respect of delayed payment charges and interest on delayed payments leviable as per
the relevant contracts are recognised on actual realisation or accrued based on an assessment of certainty of
realisation supported by either an acknowledgement from customers or on receipt of favourable order from
regulator / authorities.

(ix) Net Movement in Regulatory Deferral Balances

In the regulated operations of the Company where tariff recovered from consumers is determined on cost plus
return on equity, the Income tax cost is pass through cost and accordingly the Company recognises Regulatory
deferral against any Deferred tax expense/ income. The same is included in 'Revenue from Operations' in case
of Generation and Transmission business.

There are no significant judgements involved while evaluating the timing as to when customers obtain control of
promised goods and services.

(h) The Company is supplying power from the Mundra Power Plant based on the directions of Ministry of Power
(‘MoP’) under Section 11 of the Electricity Act, 2003 since April 16, 2023. Accordingly, the Company has
recognised revenue based on the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (‘CERC’) Order dated January 3,
2023. Further on April 30, 2025 MoP has extended the term of said direction upto June 30, 2025. (Refer Note
40 (d)).

(i) During the year, the Hon'ble Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL), vide its order dated October 25, 2024
has allowed the Company’s appeal with respect to certain claims related to change in law for Mundra generating
plant. Further, APTEL has issued directions to CERC to finalise the computation of the claim. On March 12, 2025
CERC has issued the final order and basis the order the Company has recorded the claim amounting to ' 210.01
crore as Revenue from Operations and ' 111.85 crore as Other Income. (Refer Note 40 (e)).

(j) During the previous year, Jharkhand State Electricity Regulatory Commission ('JERC') has published revised
Tariff Regulation for control period FY 2022 to 2026 and has also passed true up order for FY 2021-22 and
FY 2022-23 in relation to two Jojobera units. The Company has considered the aforesaid revised regulation
and true up order and accordingly, recognized additional revenue amounting to ' 72.42 crore pertaining to
earlier years.

Transaction Price - Remaining Performance Obligation

The remaining performance obligation disclosure provides the aggregate amount of the transaction price yet to be
recognised as at the end of the reporting period and an explanation as to when the Company expects to recognise
these amounts in revenue. Applying the practical expedient as given in Ind AS 115, the Company has not disclosed
the remaining performance obligation related disclosures for contracts where the revenue recognised corresponds
directly with the value to the customer of the entity's performance completed to date.

The aggregate value of performance obligations that are partially unsatisfied as at March 31, 2025, other than those
meeting the exclusion criteria mentioned above, is ' 82,262.31 crore (March 31, 2024 - ' 83,932.63 crore). Out of
this, the Company expects to recognize revenue of around 16.98% (March 31, 2024 - 14.58%) within next one year
and the remaining thereafter (Refer note (h) above).

Share Based Payments

Accounting policy

The Company has granted employee stock options to the eligible employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. As
per the scheme, on fulfilling of the vesting condition the Company will issue shares to the eligible employees of the
Company and its subsidiaries.

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using
an appropriate valuation model. That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based
payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in
employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date
until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company's best estimate of
the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit in the statement of profit and loss for
a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and
is recognised in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair
value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company's best estimate of
the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an
award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service
conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated
as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance
and/or service conditions are satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value
of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured
as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based
payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the
counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

Equity-settled share option plan

The Tata Power Company Limited - Employee Stock Option Plan 2023

During the previous year, the shareholders of the Company approved ‘The Tata Power Company Limited -
Employee Stock Option Plan 2023' (‘ESOP 2023'/ ‘Plan'). As per the Plan, the Company has granted 64,82,940
(Sixty Four Lakh Eighty Two Thousand Nine Hundred and Forty) employee stock options to certain employees of
the Company and its subsidiaries at an exercise price of ' 249.80 (Rupees Two Hundred Forty Nine and Eighty
Paise) per option exercisable into equivalent equity shares of ' 1 each subject to fulfilment of vesting conditions.

During the current year, the Company has granted an additional 74,620 (Seventy Four Thousand Six Hundred and
Twenty) employee stock options on July 16, 2024 and 35,26,090 (Thirty Five Lakh Twenty Six Thousand and Ninety)
options on October 30, 2024 to the eligible employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, at an exercise price of
' 439.35 (Rupees Four Hundred Thirty Nine and Thirty Five Paise) and ' 425.40 (Rupees Four hundred Twenty Five
and Forty Paise) per option respectively exercisable into equivalent equity shares of ' 1 each subject to fulfilment of
vesting conditions.

Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are
assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the
cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. Interest income
earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted
from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

Current Tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the
taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively
enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax related to items recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss are recognised either in other
comprehensive income or in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with
respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where
appropriate.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the
Standalone Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred
tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for
all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which
those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised
if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects
neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid
in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set
off against future income tax liability.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no
longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.
Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has
become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. Significant management
judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely
timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which
the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax related to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised either in other comprehensive income or
in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation
authority and the relevant entity intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

38. Commitments:

(a) Estimated amount of Contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for ' 892.47 crore
(March 31, 2024 - ' 912.21 crore.)

(b) Other Commitments

The Company has undertaken to arrange for the necessary financial support to its subsidiaries Bhira Investments
Pte. Ltd, Bhivpuri Investments Ltd, TP Renewable Microgrid Ltd, Tata Power Transmission Company Ltd
(formerly known as Tata Power Jamshedpur Distribution Ltd.), Tata Power International Pte. Ltd, TP Jalpura
Khurja Power Transmission Ltd, TP Power Plus Ltd, TP Bikaner III Neemrana II Transmission Ltd, TP Gopalpur
Transmission Ltd and TP Paradeep Transmission Ltd.

In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities arise from litigations and claims. It is a possible obligation that
arises from the past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more
uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it
is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in
extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The
Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses the same.

d) In an earlier year, the Company had received Notice of Arbitration (NoA) filed by Kleros Capitals (‘Kleros’) to
commence arbitration in Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) against the Company. The NoA
is served pursuant to alleged breach of various sections of Non disclosure agreements (NDA) entered by the
Company and circumvention of Kleros's economic interests in addition to loss of profits.

During the previous year, the Arbitral Tribunal published its Liability Award in the present arbitration. The
Tribunal upheld that the Company was in breach of certain clauses of the NDA and of its contractual duty of
good faith and confidence. Based on legal opinion obtained, the Company strongly believes that case set up by
Kleros was an afterthought and therefore lacks merit. Additionally, Kleros was not able to substantiate its claims
and the value of the project on which it proposed to the claim loss of opportunity and negotiating damages and
there is strong case for the Company and hence no provision is required in relation to said arbitration award.

e) In an earlier year, the Company entered into a coal supply agreement with Adaro International (Singapore) Ltd
(“Adaro”) for its Trombay plant, requiring it to procure a certain quantity of coal annually. Adaro has claimed
damages of USD 106 million for an alleged breach of the agreement by the Company. Against this, the Company
has filed a counterclaim for USD 229 million for losses suffered due to the non-supply of coal by Adaro.

Both parties have initiated the arbitration process on the matter. The Company has obtained a legal opinion,
based on which it does not anticipate any significant financial outflow on claims made by Adaro. Accordingly, no
provision has been considered.

The Company, in respect of the above mentioned contingent liabilities has assessed that it is only possible but not
probable that outflow of economic resources will be required.

40. Other disputes

a. In the earlier years, Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission has disallowed certain costs amounting to
' 2,576.37 crore (adjusted upto the current year) (March 31, 2024'1,668.63 crore) recoverable from consumers in
the tariff true up order. The Company has filed appeal against the said order to Appellate Tribunal for Electricity which
is pending for final disposal. The Company believes it has a strong case and accordingly no adjustment is required in
the Standalone Financial Statements.

b. In an earlier year, Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission has disallowed carrying cost and other costs
amounting to ' 269.00 crore (31^st March,2024'269.00 crore) which was upheld by the Appellate Tribunal for
Electricity (ATE). The Company has filed Special Leave Petition (SLP) against the order of ATE with the Supreme
Court which is pending for final disposal. The Company believes it has a strong case and accordingly no adjustment is
required in the Standalone Financial Statements.

c. The Hon'ble Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL), vide its order dated April 27,2021 allowed the appeal with
respect to certain claims related to change in law for Mundra Power Plant. Accordingly, the Company in earlier years
has recognized an income amounting to ' 351.79 crore. The Consumer has litigated the said order in the Supreme
Court. The Company believes it has a strong case and does not expect any significant reversal of revenue.

d. The Company has recognised revenue from its Mundra power plant amounting to ' 1,306.43 crore (March 31,
2024'1,309.89 crore) based on the favourable CERC orders dated September 13, 2022 and January 3, 2023
for the clarification obtained by the Company on determination of tariff as per MoP directions. The procurers have
filed an appeal against the said CERC orders passed on in favour of the Company. The Company based on legal
opinion believes that it has a good case and accordingly, no impact have been considered in the Standalone Financial
Statements. Till date, the total revenue recognised related to these litigations amount to ' 4,062.11 crore (March 31,
2024'2,755.68 crore). As at March 31, 2025, the total outstanding receivables amounts to ' 1,616.54 crore (March
31, 2024'1,085.97 crore).

e. The Company has recognised revenue amounting to ' 210.01 crore and Other Income amounting to ' 111.85 crore
based on the favourable CERC and APTEL orders with respect to certain claims related to change in law for Mundra
generating plant. The procurers have filed an appeal with the Honorable Supreme Court against the APTEL Order.
The Company believes it has a strong case on merits and accordingly has recognized the claim basis the APTEL and
CERC orders.

41. Earnings Per Share (EPS)

Accounting Policy

Basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company
by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share
is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average
number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average
number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The
dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued
at fair value (i.e. the average market value of the outstanding equity shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are
deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are
determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity
shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for
changes effected prior to the approval of the Standalone Financial Statements by the Board of Directors.

# other than investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures accounted at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27 'Separate Financial
Statements'.

* interest accrued on borrowings has been considered under Fixed/Floating rate borrowings.

Note:

Certain unquoted investments are not held for trading, instead they are held for medium or long term strategic purpose. Upon the
application of Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', the Company has chosen to designate these investments in equity instruments as at
FVTOCI as the management believes that this provides more meaningful presentation for medium and long term strategic investments,
than reflecting changes in fair value in profit or loss.

The management assessed that the fair value of cash and cash equivalents, other balances with banks, trade receivables, loans, finance
lease receivables, unbilled revenues, trade payables, acceptances, other financial assets and liabilities approximate their carrying
amounts largely due to the short term maturities of these instruments.

The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities is included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged

in a current transaction between willing parties. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the

fair values.

- Fair value of the government securities are based on the price quotations near the reporting date. Fair value
of the unquoted equity shares have been estimated using market comparable method. The valuation requires
management to make certain assumptions about the marketability, active market price, discount rate, credit risk
and volatility. The probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and are
used in management's estimate of fair value for those unquoted equity investments.

- The fair value of the remaining FVTOCI financial assets are derived from quoted market price in active
markets.

- The fair value of debentures is determined by using the quoted prices. The own non-performance risk as on
March 31, 2025 was assessed to be insignificant.

- The cost of certain unquoted investments approximate their fair value because there is a wide range of possible
fair value measurements and the cost represents the best estimate of fair value within that range.

- The fair value of loans from banks, other current financial liabilities and other non-current financial liabilities is
estimated by discounting future cash flow using rates currently available for debt on similar terms, credit risk and
remaining maturities.

43.2 Fair value hierarchy

The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either
observable or unobservable and consists of the following three levels:

Quoted prices in an active market (Level 1): Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities. This includes quoted equity instruments, government securities and quoted borrowings (fixed rate)
that have quoted price.

Valuation techniques with observable inputs (Level 2): Inputs are other than quoted prices included within Level 1
that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices). This
includes derivative financial instruments and unquoted floating and fixed rate borrowings.

Valuation techniques with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): Inputs are not based on observable market data
(unobservable inputs). Fair values are determined in whole or in part using a valuation model based on assumptions
that are neither supported by prices from observable current market transactions in the same instrument nor are they
based on available market data. This includes unquoted equity shares and contingent consideration receivable.

For the purpose of the Company's capital management, capital includes issued equity capital and all other equity reserves
attributable to the equity holders of the Company. The primary objective of the Company's capital management is to
maximize the value for shareholders.

The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the
requirements of the financial covenants. From time to time, the Company reviews its policy related to dividend payment to
shareholders, return capital to shareholders or fresh issue of shares. The Company monitors capital using gearing ratio,
which is net debt divided by total capital plus net debt. The Company’s policy is to keep the gearing ratio around 50%. The
Company includes within net debt, interest bearing loans and borrowings, less cash and bank balances as detailed in the
notes below.

The Company's capital management is intended to create value for shareholders by facilitating the meeting of its long¬
term and short-term goals. Its capital structure consists of net debt (borrowings as detailed in notes below) and total
equity.

The Company’s principal financial liabilities, other than derivatives, comprise borrowings, trade and other payables,
financial guarantee contracts and other financial liabilities. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance
the Company’s operations and to provide guarantees to support its operations. The Company’s principal financial
assets include investments, loans, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances,
unbilled receivables, finance lease receivables and other financial assets that derive directly from its operations. The
Company also holds FVTOCI investments and enters into derivative transactions.

The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s senior management oversees
the management of these risks. The Company’s senior management is supported by a risk committee that reviews the
financial risks and the appropriate financial risk governance framework for the Company. The Company’s financial risk
activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and
managed in accordance with the Company’s policies and risk objectives. All derivative activities for risk management
purposes are carried out by specialist teams that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision. It is the
Company’s policy that no trading in derivatives for speculative purposes may be undertaken. The risk management
polices is approved by the board of directors.

43.4.1 Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes
in market prices. Market risk comprises of three types of risk: currency risk, interest rate risk and equity price risk. The
impact of equity price risk is not significant. Financial instruments affected by market risk include loans and borrowings,
derivative financial instruments and FVTOCI investments.

The sensitivity analysis in the following sections relate to the position as at March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

The sensitivity analysis has been prepared on the basis that the amount of net debt, the ratio of fixed to floating
interest rates of the debt and derivatives and the proportion of financial instruments in foreign currencies are all

b. Interest rate risk management

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of
changes in market interest rates. The Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates
primarily to the Company’s long-term debt obligations with floating interest rates.

The Company manages its interest rate risk by having a balanced portfolio of fixed and variable rate borrowings.
The Company’s policy is to keep between 40% and 60% of its borrowings at fixed rates of interest. To manage this,
the Company enters into certain fixed rate borrowing agreements, where its interest liability is fixed for the specified
duration of the loan.

Interest rate sensitivity:

The sensitivity analysis below have been determined based on exposure to interest rates for term loans and debentures
that have floating rate at the end of the reporting period and the stipulated change taking place at the beginning of
the financial year and held constant throughout the reporting period.

If the interest rates had been 50 basis points higher or lower and all the other variables were held constant, the effect
on Interest expense for the respective financial years and consequent effect on Company's profit in that financial year
would have been as below:

The current liabilities of the Company exceeds the current assets. The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining
adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, by continuously monitoring forecast and actual
cash flows and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. Having regards to the nature of the
business wherein the Company is able to generate fixed cash flows over a period of time and to optimize the cost of
funding, the Company, from time to time, funds its long-term investment from short-term sources. The short-term
borrowings can be roll forward or, if required, can be refinanced from long term borrowings. Hence, the Company
considers the liquidity risk as low.

The table below summarizes the maturity profile of the Company’s financial liabilities based on contractual
undiscounted payments.

44. Financial Ratios (Contd.)

c) For the purpose of computation, scheduled principal repayment of long term borrowings does not include prepayments (including
prepayment by exercise of call/put option).

d) Average Shareholders Equity: Issued share capital and other equity.

e) Net credit purchases comprise of (a) cost of power purchased (b) cost of fuel (c) Transmission charges (d) Raw material consumed
and construction cost and (e) Other expenses excluding (i) Bad debts (including provision); (ii) Net loss on foreign exchange; (iii) CSR
expenses and (iv) Transfer to contingency reserve (v) Impairment of Non-current Investments in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures
(Net).

f) Working Capital:

i) Current Assets as per balance sheet, assets held for sale and current portion of regulatory asset.

ii) Current Liabilities as per balance sheet (excluding current maturities of long term borrowings and lease liability and interest
accrued on long-term borrowings) and liabilities classified as held for sale.

g) Interest Income: Interest on bank deposits, Interest on non-current investments and Interest on loans given.

45. Segment Reporting

Information reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ('CODM') for the purpose of resource allocation
and assessment of segment performance focuses on business segment which comprises of Thermal and Hydro,
Transmission and Distribution and Others. The Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker is the Chief Executive
Officer and Managing Director.

Specifically, the Company's reportable segments under Ind AS are as follows:

Thermal and Hydro: Comprises of generation of Thermal and Hydro power from hydroelectric sources and thermal
sources (coal, gas and oil) from plants owned and operated under lease arrangement and related ancillary services.

Transmission and Distribution: Comprises of transmission and distribution network, sale of power to retail customers
through distribution network and related ancillary services.

Others: Comprises of project management contracts/infrastructure management services, property development
and lease rent of oil tanks.

Revenue and expenses directly attributable to segments are reported under each reportable segment. Expenses which
are not directly identifiable to each reporting segment have been allocated on the basis of associated revenue/assets
of the segment and manpower efforts. All other expenses which are not attributable or allocable to segments have
been disclosed as unallocable expenses. Assets and liabilities that are directly attributable or allocable to segments
are disclosed under each reportable segment. All other assets and liabilities are disclosed as unallocable.

47. Recent pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2025 ,
MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company.

48. Audit Trail

During the year, the Company has migrated from SAP ECC (legacy accounting software) to an upgraded version (SAP
S/4 Hana) on December 23, 2024. The Company has used these accounting softwares for maintaining its books of
account which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year
for all relevant transactions recorded in the upgraded and the legacy accounting software, except that audit trail
feature was not enabled for direct changes to data in the legacy accounting software when using certain access rights
during the period from April 1, 2024 to October 17, 2024. However stringent control procedures were implemented
to effectively restrict direct changes to data during this period. These procedures included thorough reviews of logs
and reconciliation of datasets and during the financial year no direct changes were made that impacted financial
records. Post October, 2024, the audit trail feature is enabled at the database level. Further no instance of audit
trail feature being tampered with, was noted in respect of the accounting softwares. Additionally, the audit trail of
previous year has been preserved by the Company as per the statutory requirements for record retention to the
extent it was enabled and recorded in the previous year.

49. The Code on Social Security, 2020

The Code on Social Security, 2020 (‘Code’) relating to employee benefits during employment and post employment
benefits received Presidential assent in September 2020. The Code has been published in the Gazette of India.
However, the date on which the Code will come into effect has not been notified and the final rules/interpretation
have not yet been issued. The Company will assess the impact of the Code when it comes into effect and will record
any related impact in the period the Code becomes effective.

50. Other Statutory information

(i) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against
the Company for holding any Benami property.

(ii) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the
statutory period.

(iii) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial
year.

(iv) The Company have neither received nor given any fund from or to any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign
entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company
shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on
behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(v) The Company is in compliance with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Companies
Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017 (as amended).

(vi) The Company does not have any transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been
surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income-tax Act, 1961 (such
as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

(vii) The Company has not been declared as wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or other
lender.

(viii) The quarterly returns or statements of Current assets filed by the Company with the banks or financial institutions
are in agreement with the books of accounts.

51. Significant Events after the Reporting Period

There were no significant adjusting events that occurred subsequent to the reporting period other than the events
disclosed in the relevant notes.

52. Approval of Standalone Financial Statements

The Standalone Financial Statements were approved for issue by the Board of Directors on May 14,2025.

As per our report of even date For and on behalf of the Board of Directors,

For S R B C & CO LLP PRAVEER SINHA SAURABH AGRAWAL

Chartered Accountants CEO & Managing Director Director

ICAI Firm Registration No.324982E/E300003 DIN 01785164 DIN 02144558

per VIKRAM MEHTA SANJEEV CHURIWALA VISPI S. PATEL

Partner Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary

Membership No. 105938

Mumbai, May 14, 2025 Mumbai, May 14, 2025