Corporate information

Cipla Limited (Corporate identity number: L24239MH1935PLC002380) ("Cipla" or "the Company") having registered office at Cipla house, Peninsula Business Park, Ganpatrao Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai - 400013, is a public company incorporated and domiciled in India. The Company is in the business of manufacturing, developing, and marketing wide range of branded and generic formulations and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). The Company has its wide network of manufacturing, trading and other incidental operations in India and International markets. Equity Shares of the Company are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. Global Depository Receipts are listed on Luxembourg Stock Exchange.

Note 1: Basis of Preparation, Measurement, Key accounting estimates and judgements and Material accounting policy information

1.1 Basis of Preparation and Measurement

(i) Compliance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS)

The standalone financial statements of the Company as at and for the year ended 31^st March, 2025 have been prepared and presented in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015], and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 as amended from time to time, and other relevant provisions of the Act and accounting principles generally accepted in India. These standalone financial statements have been prepared by the Company on a going concern basis.

(ii) Consistency of accounting policy

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the financial statements.

(iii) Functional currency and rounding of amounts

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (H) which is also the functional currency. All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded-off to the nearest crore or decimal thereof as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated. Amount less than H 50,000/- is presented as H 0.00 Crore.

(iv) Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis and on accrual basis, except for the following:

• Financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value or at amortised cost depending on classification;

• Derivative financial instruments and contingent consideration is measured at fair value;

• Assets held for sale - measured at fair value less cost to sell;

• Defined benefit plans - plan assets measured at fair value;

• Lease liability and Right-of-use assets-measured at fair value;

• Share based payments - measured at fair value; and

• Asset and liabilities assumed as part of business combination - measured at fair value

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III of the Act and Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements.

Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are always disclosed as non-current.

1.2 Key accounting estimates and Judgements

The preparation of financial statements requires management of the Company to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities. Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed by management at each reporting date. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision of these estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

Following are the critical judgements and estimates:

1.2.1 Judgements

(i) Leases

Ind AS 116 - Leases requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company's operations taking into account the

location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

(ii) Income taxes

Significant judgements are involved in determining the provision for income taxes including judgement on whether tax positions are probable of being sustained in tax assessments. A tax assessment can involve complex issues, which can only be resolved over extended time periods. The recognition of taxes that are subject to certain legal or economic limits or uncertainties is assessed individually by management based on the specific facts and circumstances.

In assessing the realisability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realised. The ultimate realisation of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred income tax assets are deductible, management believes that the Company will realise the benefits of those deductible differences. The amount of the deferred income tax assets considered realisable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period are reduced.

(iii) Research and developments costs

Research and development (R&D) expenses are fully charged to "Other expenses" in the standalone statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred. The Company considers that regulatory and other uncertainties inherent in the development of new products preclude the capitalization of internal development expenses as an intangible asset until marketing approval from a regulatory authority is obtained in a major market.

Payments made to third parties, such as contract research and development organizations in compensation for subcontracted R&D, that are deemed not to transfer intellectual property to Company are expensed as R&D expenses in the period in which they are incurred. Such payments

are only capitalized if they meet the criteria for recognition of an internally generated intangible asset, usually when marketing approval has been received from a regulatory authority in a major market.

Payments made to third parties to in-license or acquire intellectual property rights, compounds and products, including initial upfront and subsequent milestone payments, are capitalized, as are payments for other assets, such as technologies to be used in R&D activities. If additional payments are made to the originator company to continue performing R&D activities, an evaluation is made as to the nature of the payments. Such additional payments will be expensed if they are deemed to be compensation for subcontracted R&D services not resulting in an additional transfer of intellectual property rights to Company. Such additional payments will be capitalized if they are deemed to be compensation for the transfer of additional intellectual property developed at the risk of the originator company. Subsequent internal R&D costs in relation to IPR&D and other assets are expensed, since the technical feasibility of the internal R&D activity can only be demonstrated by the receipt of marketing approval for a related product from a regulatory authority in a major market.

(iv) Provisions and contingent liabilities

The Company exercises judgement in determining if a particular matter is possible, probable or remote. The Company also exercises judgement in measuring and recognising provisions and the exposures to contingent liabilities related to pending litigation or other outstanding claims subject to negotiated settlement, mediation, government regulation, as well as other contingent liabilities. Judgement is necessary in assessing the likelihood that a pending claim will succeed, or a liability will arise, and to quantify the possible range of the financial settlement. Because of the inherent uncertainty in this evaluation process, actual losses may be different from the originally estimated provision. Provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that the outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

(v) Business Combinations

The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations. The acquisition date is the date on which control is transferred to the acquirer. Judgement is applied

in determining the acquisition date, determining whether control is transferred from one party to another and whether acquisition constitute a business or asset acquisition. Control exists when the Company is exposed to, or has rights to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through power over the entity. In assessing control, potential voting rights are considered only if the rights are substantive.

1.2.2 Estimates

(i) Useful lives of property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment, and intangibles assets represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company's assets are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology.

(ii) Refund liabilities

The Company accounts for sales returns accrual by recording refund liabilities concurrent with the recognition of revenue at the time of a product sale. This liability is based on the Company's estimate of expected sales returns. The Company deals in various products and operates in various markets. Accordingly, the estimate of sales returns is determined primarily by the Company's historical experience in the markets in which the Company operates. With respect to established products, the Company considers its historical experience of sales returns, levels of inventory in the distribution channel, estimated shelf life, product discontinuances, price changes of competitive products, and the introduction of competitive new products, to the extent each of these factors impact the Company's business and markets.

At the time of recognising the refund liability, the Company also recognises an asset, (i.e., the right to the returned goods to the extent goods are saleable in market) which is included in inventories for the products expected to be returned and sold. The Company initially measures this asset at the former carrying amount of the inventory, less any expected costs to recover the goods, including any

potential decreases in the value of the returned goods. Along with re-measuring the refund liability at the end of each reporting period, the Company updates the measurement of the asset recorded for any revisions to its expected level of returns, as well as any additional decreases in the value of the returned products.

(iii) Provision for rebates and discounts

Provisions for rebates, discounts and other deductions are estimated and provided for in the year of sales and recorded as reduction of revenue. Provisions for such rebates and discounts are accrued and estimated based on historical average rate actually claimed over a period of time, current contract prices with customers.

(iv) Inventories obsolescence

The factors that the Company considers in determining the provision for slow moving, obsolete and other non-saleable inventory include estimated shelf life, planned product discontinuances, price changes, ageing of inventory and introduction of competitive new products, to the extent each of these factors impact the Company's business and markets. The Company considers all these factors and adjusts the inventory obsolescence to reflect its actual experience on a periodic basis.

(v) Expected credit loss

In accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments, the Company applies ECL model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

For this purpose, the Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on the trade receivable balances, contract assets and lease receivables. The application of simplified approach requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date.

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

makes maximum use of market inputs and uses estimates and assumptions that are, as far as possible, consistent with observable data that market participants would use in pricing the instrument. Where applicable data is not observable, management uses its best estimate about the assumptions that market participants would make. These estimates may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved in an arm's length transaction at the reporting date.

1.3 Material Accounting Policies

1.3.1 Property, plant and equipment and Capital work-inprogress

(i) Recognition and measurement

Property, plant and equipment, is stated at acquisition cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost of acquisition or construction of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes net of trade discounts, rebates and any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use.

Freehold land has an unlimited useful life and therefore is not depreciated.

Property, plant and equipment acquired in a business combination, other than common control combination, are recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Property, plant and equipment acquired under common control combination are recognised at carrying value at the acquisition date.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance cost are charged to the standalone statement of profit and loss during the period in which they are incurred.

Property, plant and equipment which are not ready for intended use as on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as 'Capital work-in-progress'. Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date is classified as capital advances under 'Other Non-Current Assets'.

Software for internal use, which is primarily acquired from third-party vendors, and which is an integral part of a tangible asset, including

consultancy charges for implementing the software, is capitalised as part of the related tangible asset. Subsequent costs associated with maintaining such software are recognised as expense as incurred. The capitalised costs are amortised over the estimated useful life of the software or the remaining useful life of the tangible fixed asset, whichever is lower.

The carrying values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

Capital work-in-progress included in non-current assets comprises of direct costs, related incidental expenses and attributable interest. Capital work-inprogress are not depreciated as these assets are not yet available for use.

(ii) Depreciation

Depreciation on property, plant, and equipment (other than freehold land) is calculated on prorata on the straight line method based on the useful life of the assets as indicated under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013 except for certain assets where management believes and based on the technical evaluation and assessment that the useful lives adopted by it best represent the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the changes are accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate and adjusted prospectively.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

(iii) De-recognition

An item of property, plant and equipment, is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or

disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

1.3.2 Intangible assets

(i) Recognition and measurement

Intangible assets comprises of marketing intangibles, trademarks, technical know-how, brands, customer relationship, computer software, product related intangibles, distribution network and non - compete rights acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Further, payments to third parties for in-licensed products, generally take the form of up-front and milestones payments and are capitalised following a cost accumulation approach to variable payments (milestones) when receipt of economic benefits out of the separately purchased transaction is considered to be probable. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Subsequent expenditures are capitalised only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate.

(ii) In-Process Research and Development assets ("IPR&D") or Intangible assets under development

Acquired research and development intangible assets that are under development are recognised as In-Process Research and Development assets ("IPR&D") or Intangible assets under development. IPR&D assets are not amortised but evaluated for potential impairment on an annual basis or when there are indications that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Subsequent expenditure on an In-Process Research or Development project acquired separately or in a business combination and recognised as an intangible asset is:

• recognised as an expense when incurred, if it is research expenditure;

• capitalised if the cost can be reliably measured, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible and the Company has sufficient resources to complete the development and to use and sell the asset.

(iii) Expenditure on regulatory approval

Expenditure for obtaining regulatory approvals and registration of products for overseas markets is charged to the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(iv) Amortisation

The Company amortises intangible assets with a finite useful life using the straight-line method over the following useful lives:

The amortisation period and the amortisation method for intangible assets with a finite useful life are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite life is recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss under the head depreciation, impairment and amortisation expense.

(v) De-recognition of intangible assets

Intangible assets are de-recognised either on their disposal or where no future economic benefits are expected from their use. Losses arising on such derecognition are recorded in the profit or loss and are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of respective intangible assets as on the date of de-recognition.

1.3.3 Investment properties

Property that is held for long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, and that is not occupied by the Company, is classified as investment properties. Investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and borrowing costs where applicable. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset's carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Investment properties are depreciated using the straightline method over their estimated useful lives.

Investment properties generally have a useful life of 5-60 years. The useful life has been determined based on technical evaluation performed by the management's expert.

1.3.4 Discontinued operations and assets classified as held for sale

A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed off or is classified as held for sale and:

• represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations and;

• is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations.

The results of discontinued operations are presented separately as a single amount as standalone statement of profit and loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit or loss.

Assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset, but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the asset is recognised at the date of de-recognition.

Assets are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal Company classified as held for sale continue to be recognised.

Assets classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the Balance Sheet. The liabilities of a disposal Company classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

1.3.5 Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company's non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. For goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives or that are not yet available for use, an impairment test is performed each year at 31^st March.

An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit. In determining fair value less costs of disposal,

recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples or other available fair value indicators.

For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generate cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the "cash-generating unit").

The goodwill acquired in a business combination is, for the purpose of impairment testing, allocated to cashgenerating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

An impairment loss is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss if the estimated recoverable amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit is lower than its carrying amount. Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit on a pro-rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a favourable change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

Goodwill that forms part of the carrying amount of an investment in an associate is not recognised separately, and therefore is not tested for impairment separately. Instead, the entire amount of the investment in an associate is tested for impairment as a single asset when there is objective evidence that the investment in an associate may be impaired.

1.3.6 Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency of the Company at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary items are measured at historical cost (translated using the

exchange rates at the transaction date), except for non-monetary items measured at fair value which are translated using the exchange rates at the date when fair value was determined.

1.3.7 Inventories

Inventories consists of raw materials and packing materials, stores, spares and consumables, work-inprogress, stock-in-trade and finished goods and are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.

Cost of inventories is determined on a weighted average basis.

Cost includes expenditures incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition. In the case of finished goods and work-in-progress, cost includes an appropriate share of overheads based on normal operating capacity.

Raw materials and packing materials are considered at replacement cost if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

Stores and spares are inventories that do not qualify to be recognised as property, plant and equipment and consists of consumables, engineering spares (such as machinery spare parts), which are used in operating machines or consumed as indirect materials in the manufacturing process.

1.3.8 Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is initially recognised as deferred income at fair value and subsequently are recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss as other income on a systematic basis over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Export entitlement from government authority are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss as other operating revenue when the right to receive is established as per the terms of the scheme in respect of the exports made by the Company with no future related cost and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.

1.3.9 Revenue recognition

(i) Sale of products

Revenues are recorded in the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for performance obligations upon transfer of control to the customer and is measured at the amount of transaction price allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of estimated incentives, returns, rebates, sales tax and applicable trade discounts, allowances, Goods and Services Tax (GST) and amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

The Company recognises revenue from product sales when control of the product transfers, generally upon shipment or delivery, to the customer, or in certain cases, upon the corresponding sales by customer to a third party. Variable consideration are estimated and accounted in the same period the related sales occur. The methodology and assumptions used to estimate rebates and returns are monitored and adjusted regularly in the light of contractual and legal obligations, historical trends, past experience and projected market conditions. The revenue for such variable consideration is included in the Company's estimate of the transaction price only if it is highly probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur once any uncertainty is resolved. The Company estimates the amount of variable consideration using the expected value method or historical record of performance of similar contracts.

(ii) Sales by clearing and forwarding agents

Revenue from sales of generic products in India is recognised upon delivery of products to distributors by clearing and forwarding agents of the Company. Control in respect of ownership of generic products are transferred by the Company when the goods are delivered to distributors from clearing and forwarding agents. Clearing and forwarding agents are generally compensated on a commission basis as a percentage of sales made by them.

(iii) Out-licensing arrangements

Revenues include amounts derived from product out-licensing agreements. These arrangements typically consist of an initial up-front payment on inception of the license and subsequent payments dependent on achieving certain milestones in accordance with the terms prescribed in the

agreement. In cases where the transaction has two or more components, the Company accounts for the delivered item (for example, the transfer of title to the intangible asset) as a separate unit of accounting and record revenue upon delivery of that component, provided that the Company can make a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the undelivered component. Otherwise, nonrefundable up-front license fees received in connection with product out-licensing agreements are deferred and recognised over the balance period in which the Company has pending performance obligations.

Milestone payments which are contingent on achieving certain clinical milestones are recognised as revenues either on achievement of such milestones, over the performance period depending on the terms of the contract. If milestone payments are creditable against future royalty payments, the milestones are deferred and released over the period in which the royalties are anticipated to be paid.

Royalty revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement (provided that it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably). Royalty arrangements that are based on production, sales and other measures are recognised by reference to the underlying arrangement.

The Company estimates variable consideration in the form of sales-based milestones by using the expected value or most likely amount method, depending upon which method the Company expects to better predict the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled.

(iv) Service fee

Revenue from services rendered is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss as the underlying services are performed. Upfront non-refundable payments received under these arrangements are deferred and recognised as revenue over the expected period over which the related services are expected to be performed.

(v) Profit sharing revenues

The Company from time to time enters into marketing arrangements with certain business partners for the sale of its products in certain markets. Under such arrangements, the Company sells its products to the business partners at a non-

refundable base purchase price agreed upon in the arrangement and is also entitled to a profit share which is over and above the base purchase price. The profit share is typically dependent on the business partner's ultimate net sale proceeds or net profits, subject to any reductions or adjustments that are required by the terms of the arrangement. Such arrangements typically require the business partner to provide confirmation of units sold and net sales or net profit computations for the products covered under the arrangement.

Revenue in an amount equal to the base sale price is recognised in these transactions upon delivery of products to the business partners. An additional amount representing the profit share component is recognised as revenue only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur.

(vi) Contract balances

Contract assets - A Contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

Contract liabilities- A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

1.3.10 Other income (interest income, Dividend and Others)

(i) Interest income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.

(ii) Dividends

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to receive payment has been established, provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably.

(iii) Other (other than interest and dividend income)

Other Income consists of rent income, insurance claim, vendor settlement income and miscellaneous income and is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and amount of income can be measured reliably.

1.3.11 Employee Benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits and are measured on undiscounted basis. Benefits such as salaries, wages, etc. and the expected cost of ex-gratia are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

(ii) Defined contribution plans

Post-retirement contribution plans such as Employees' Pension scheme, Labour Welfare Fund, Employee State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) are charged to the standalone statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions to the respective funds accrue. The Company does not have any obligation other than the contribution made.

(iii) Defined benefit plans

a) Employee's provident fund

In accordance with the Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1952, all eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the provident fund plan in which both the employee and employer (at a determined rate) contribute monthly to "Cipla Limited Employee's Provident Fund Trust", a Trust set up by the Company to manage the investments and distribute the amounts to employees at the time of separation from the Company or retirement, whichever is earlier.

This plan is a defined benefit obligation plan as the Company is obligated to provide its members a rate of return which should, at a minimum, meet the interest rate declared by the government-administered provident fund. A part of the Company's contribution is transferred to the government-administered pension fund. The contributions made by the Company and the shortfall of interest, if any, on the basis of an actuarial valuation are recognised as an expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss under "Employee benefits expense".

b) Gratuity obligations

Post-retirement benefit plans such as gratuity for eligible employees of the Company are calculated using projected unit credit method on the basis of actuarial valuation made by an independent actuary as at the reporting date. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable), and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurement recognised in other comprehensive income is included in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to the standalone statement of profit and loss.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in the standalone statement of profit and loss as past service cost.

(iv) Other benefit plans

Liability in respect of compensated absences

becoming due or expected to be availed within

one year from the reporting date is recognised

on the basis of undiscounted value of estimated amount required to be paid or estimated value of benefit expected to be availed by the employees. Liability in respect of compensated absences becoming due or expected to be availed more than one year after the reporting date is estimated on the basis of an actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/ losses are immediately taken to the standalone statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

(v) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss at the earlier of the following dates:

(a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; or

(b) when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets and involves the payment of termination benefits.

Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to their present value in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(vi) Other long-term employee benefits

The Company's net obligation in respect of other long-term employee benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and previous periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value.

1.3.12 Share based payments

The Company operates equity-settled share based remuneration plans for its employees.

The Company recognises compensation expense relating to share based payments in accordance with Ind AS 102-Share based Payment For share entitlement granted by the Company to its employees, the estimated fair value as determined on the date of grant, is charged to the standalone statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the vesting period and assessment of performance conditions if any, with a corresponding increase in equity.

Upon exercise of share options, the proceeds received, net of any directly attributable transaction costs, are allocated to share capital up to the nominal (or par) value of the shares issued with any excess being recorded as share premium.

1.3.13 Taxes

Income tax expense comprises of current tax expense and deferred tax expense/benefit. Current and deferred taxes are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

(i) Current income tax

Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the applicable income tax law of the respective jurisdiction. The current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised using the Balance Sheet approach on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using substantively enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

The Company recognises deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, except to the extent that both of the following conditions are satisfied:

• When the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference; and

• It is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities.

(iii) Uncertain tax positions

Accruals for uncertain tax positions require management to make judgements of potential exposures. Accruals for uncertain tax positions are measured using either the most likely amount or the expected value amount depending on which method the entity expects to better predict the resolution of the uncertainty. Tax benefits are not recognised unless the tax positions will probably be accepted by the tax authorities. This is based upon management's interpretation of applicable laws and regulations and the expectation of how the tax authority will resolve the matter. Once considered probable of not being accepted, management reviews each material tax benefit and reflects the effect of the uncertainty in determining the related taxable amounts.

1.3.14 Leases

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land, Plant and equipments, buildings and flat, vehicle and computers. The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at the inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset;

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease; and

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

The right-of-use asset is a lessee's right to use an asset over the life of a lease. At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset ('ROUO and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases of low value assets. For these leases of low value assets, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.

Lease liability is initially measured at the present value of future lease payments. Lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates. Lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability and reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made. A lease liability is remeasured upon the occurrence of certain events such as a change in the lease term or a change in an index or rate used to determine lease payments. The remeasurement normally also adjusts the leased assets.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

1.3.15 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and cash at bank including fixed deposit with original maturity period of three months or less and short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

1.3.16 Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance Sheet date. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted to reflect its present value using a current pre-tax rate that

reflects the current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Provision for onerous contracts

A provision for onerous contracts is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

1.3.17 Contingent liabilities and assets

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made. The Company does recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

1.3.18 Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

(i) Financial assets

(a) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets excluding trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the date the Company commits to purchase or sell the financial assets.

Trade receivables are recognised initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional unless they contain significant financing components, in which case they are recognised at fair value. The Company's trade receivables do not contain any significant financing component and hence are measured at the transaction price measured under Ind AS 115 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers'.

(b) Subsequent measurement

For subsequent measurement, the Company classifies a financial asset in accordance with the below criteria:

- The Company's business model for managing the financial asset and

- The contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset:

Based on the above criteria, the Company classifies its financial assets into the following categories:

a) Debt instruments at amortised cost;

b) Debt instruments at FVTOCI;

c) Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at FVTPL; and

d) Equity instruments measured at FVTOCI.

(i) Debt instruments at amortised cost

A 'debt instrument' is subsequently measured at the amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in Other Income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(ii) Debt instrument at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognised in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognises interest income, impairment

losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the profit or loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to profit or loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

(iii) Debt instrument at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as 'accounting mismatch'). Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all the changes in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(iv) Equity instruments

All equity instruments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, including foreign exchange gain or loss and excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to profit or loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(c) De-recognition

A financial asset is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company's Balance Sheet) when:

a) The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

b) The Company has transferred its rights to receive contractual cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement, H and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognised in profit or loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in profit or loss on disposal of that financial asset.

(d) Impairment of financial assets (trade receivables and other financial assets)

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115. The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

(ii) Financial liabilities

(a) Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at FVTPL, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and derivative financial instruments.

(b) Subsequent measurement

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.

(c) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or is designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term or on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profittaking. This category also includes derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For instruments not held-for-trading financial liabilities designated as at FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognised in OCI, unless the recognition of the effects of changes in the liability's credit risk in OCI would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit or loss, in which case these effects of changes in credit risk are recognised in profit or loss. These gains / losses are not subsequently transferred to profit or loss. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(d) Financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortised cost

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost in subsequent accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Interest expense that is not capitalised as part of costs of an asset is included in the 'Finance costs' line item in the profit or loss. After initial recognition, such financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(e) De-recognition

A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are

substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Derivative financial instruments

For the purpose of hedge accounting, hedges are classified as:

• Fair value hedges when hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognised asset or liability or an unrecognised firm commitment.

• Cash flow hedges when hedging the exposure to variability in cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction or the foreign currency risk in an unrecognised firm commitment.

Fair value hedges:

The Company uses derivative forward contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to standalone statement of profit and loss.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Company revokes the hedge relationship, the hedging instrument or hedged item expire or sold, terminated, or exercised or no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting.

Cash flow hedge:

The Company classifies its foreign exchange forward and currency options contracts and interest rate swaps that hedge foreign currency risk associated with highly probable forecasted as cash flow hedges and measures them at fair value. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated under hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the

ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the standalone statement of profit and loss and is included in the 'Other income/expenses' line item. Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity relating to effective portion (as described above) are reclassified to the standalone statement of profit and loss in the periods when the hedged item affects standalone statement of profit and loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item.

When the hedging instrument expires or is sold or terminated or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative deferred gain/loss at that time remains in equity until the forecast transaction occurs. When the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain/loss that was reported in equity are immediately reclassified to standalone statement of profit and loss.

(iv) Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts are recognised as a financial liability at the time the guarantee is issued. The liability is initially measured at fair value and subsequently at the higher of:

• the amount determined in accordance with the expected credit loss model as per Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments; and

• the amount initially recognised less, where appropriate, cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

The fair value of financial guarantees is determined based on the present value of the difference in cash flows between the contractual payments required under the debt instrument and the payments that would be required without the guarantee, or the estimated amount that would be payable to a third party for assuming the obligations. Where guarantees in relation to loans or other payables of associates are provided for no compensation, the fair values are accounted for as contributions and recognised as part of the cost of the investment.

(v) Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable

right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

1.3.19 Business combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations using acquisition method when the acquired set of activities and assets meets the definition of a business and control is transferred to the Company. The Company determines that it has acquired a business when the acquired set of activities and assets include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The Company has an option to apply a 'concentration test' that permits a simplified assessment of whether an acquired set of activities and assets is not a business. The optional concentration test is met if substantially all the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable assets or Company of similar identifiable assets. Control exists when the Company is exposed to, or has rights to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through power over the entity. In assessing control, potential voting rights are considered only if the rights are substantive. The Company measures goodwill as of the applicable acquisition date at the fair value of the consideration transferred, less the net recognised amount of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

When the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the consideration transferred, a bargain purchase gain is recognised immediately in the OCI and accumulates the same in equity as capital reserve where there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as a bargain purchase else the gain is directly recognised in equity as capital reserve. Consideration transferred includes the fair values of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred by the Company to the previous owners of the acquiree, and equity interests issued by the Company. Consideration transferred also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration. Consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the settlement of pre-existing relationships and employee service-related payments. Any goodwill that arises on account of such business combination is tested annually for impairment.

If the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date carrying value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date. Any gains or losses arising from such re-measurement are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss or OCI, as appropriate.

Any contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. The discount rate used is the entity's incremental borrowing rate, being the rate at which a similar borrowing could be obtained from an independent financier under comparable terms and conditions. If an obligation to pay contingent consideration that meets the definition of a financial instrument is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured, and the settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, other contingent consideration is re-measured at fair value at each reporting date and subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recorded in the statement of profit and loss.

A contingent liability of the acquiree is assumed in a business combination only if such a liability represents a present obligation and arises from a past event, and its fair value can be measured reliably.

On an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, the Company recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest's proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets.

Transaction costs that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.

Business Combination involving entities or businesses under common control is accounted for using the pooling of interest method.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which

the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognised at that date.

1.3.20 Exceptional Items

An item of income or expense which by its size, type or incidence requires disclosure in order to improve an understanding of the performance of the Company is treated as an exceptional item and the same is disclosed in standalone statement of profit and loss and in the notes forming part of the standalone financial statements.

1.3.21 Recent accounting pronouncement

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended 31^st March, 2025, MCA has notified Ind AS - 117 Insurance Contracts and amendments to Ind AS 116 - Leases, relating to sale and leaseback transactions, applicable to the Company w.e.f. 1^st April, 2024. The Company has reviewed the new pronouncements and based on its evaluation has determined that it does not have any significant impact in its Standalone financial statements.

1.3.22 New and amended standards issued but not effective:

There are no new and amended standards that are issued, but not yet effective as of 31^st March, 2025.