The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency and all amounts are rounded to the nearest lacs.
3.2 Property, Plant and Equipment
a) Property, Plant and Equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.
b) Assets are depreciated to the residual values on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives based on technical estimates. Assets residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end considering the physical condition of the assets and benchmarking analysis or whenever there are indicators for review of residual value and useful life. Freehold land is not depreciated. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
3.1 Basis of Measurement
The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis and under the historical cost convention except following which have been measured at fair value:
• Certain financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value or amortised cost,
• defined benefit plans - plan assets measured at fair value,
The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the date of disposal or retirement.
3.3 Intangible Assets
Identifiable intangible assets are recognised:
a) when the Company controls the asset,
b) it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the Company
c) the cost of the asset can be reliably measured.
Computer software’s are capitalised at the amounts paid to acquire the respective license for use and are amortised over the period of license, generally not exceeding five years on straight line basis. The assets’ useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end.
3.4 Impairment of non-current assets
An asset is considered as impaired when at the date of Balance Sheet there are indications of impairment and the carrying amount of the asset, or where applicable the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs exceeds its recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the net asset selling price and value in use).The carrying amount is reduced to the recoverable amount and the reduction is recognized as an impairment loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The impairment loss recognized in the prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount. Post impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value of the impaired asset over its remaining useful life.
3.5 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents includes Cash on hand and at bank and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.
For the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents consists of cash and short term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdraft as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.
3.6 Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value except scrap, which is valued at net realizable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The cost of inventories comprises of cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. Cost is computed on the weighted average basis.
3.7 Employee benefits
a) Short term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year in which the related services are rendered.
b) Leave encashment being a short term benefit is accounted for using the Projected Unit Credit Method, on the basis of actuarial valuations carried out by third party actuaries at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to profit and loss in the period in which they arise.
c) Contribution to Provident Fund, a defined contribution plan, is made in accordance with the statute, and is recognised as an expense in the year in which employees have rendered services.
d) The cost of providing gratuity, a defined benefit plans, is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, on the basis of actuarial valuations carried out by third party actuaries at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they arise. Other costs are accounted in statement of profit and loss.
e) Employee Stock Option plan (ESOP)
Fair Value of options granted under this option plan is recognised as an employee benefit expense with corresponding increase in equity under the head Employee Stock Option Reserve Account in accordance
with recognition and measurement principles as prescribed in Ind AS 102 Share Based Payments. Total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is period over which all of specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At end of the reporting period, the company revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting and service conditions. It recognises impact of revision to original estimates, if any, in profit and loss, with corresponding adjustment to equity. The dilutive effect, if any of the Outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share .
3.8 Foreign currency reinstatement and translation
(a) Functional and presentation currency
The financial statements have been presented in Indian Rupees ('rounded to lacs), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency.
(b) Transactions and balances
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. Subsequently monetary items are translated at closing exchange rates of balance sheet date and the resulting exchange difference recognised in profit or loss. Differences arising on settlement of monetary items are also recognised in profit or loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the transaction. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Exchange component of the gain or loss arising on fair valuation of non-monetary items is recognised in line with the gain or loss of the item that gave rise to such exchange difference.
3.9 Financial instruments - initial recognition, subsequent measurement and impairment
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets
Financial Assets are measured at amortised cost or fair value through Other Comprehensive Income or fair value through Profit or Loss, depending on its business model for managing those financial assets and liabilities and the assets and liabilities contractual cash flow characteristics.
Subsequent measurements of financial assets are dependent on initial categorisation. For impairment purposes significant financial assets are tested on an individual basis, other financial assets are assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics.
Trade receivables
A receivable is classified as a 'trade receivable’ if it is in respect to the amount due from customers on account of goods sold or services rendered in the ordinary course of business. Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. For some trade receivables the Company may obtain security in the form of guarantee, security deposit or letter of credit which can be called upon if the counterparty is in default under the terms of the agreement.
Impairment is made on the expected credit losses, which are the present value of the cash shortfalls over the expected life of financial assets. The estimated impairment losses are recognised in a separate provision for impairment and the impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other expenses.
Subsequent changes in assessment of impairment are recognised in provision for impairment and the change in impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other expenses.
For foreign currency trade receivable, impairment is assessed after reinstatement at closing rates.
Individual receivables which are known to be uncollectible are written off by reducing the carrying amount of trade receivable and the amount of the loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other expenses.
Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited to other Income.
Investment in equity shares
Investment in equity securities are initially measured at fair value. Any subsequent fair value gain or loss is recognized through Profit or Loss if such investments in equity securities are held for trading purposes. The fair value gains or losses of all other equity securities are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income.
Investment in Subsidiaries
A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the Company. Control exists when the Company has power over the entity, is exposed, or has rights to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns by using its power over the entity. Power is demonstrated through existing rights that give the ability to direct relevant activities, those which significantly affect the entity’s returns. Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost of acquisition less impairment loss. The cost comprises price paid to acquire investment and directly attributable cost.
Derivative financial instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts and interest rate swaps to hedge its foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. Derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value at the end of each period. The method of recognizing the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, on the nature of the item being hedged. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.
Financial Liabilities Financial Liabilities
At initial recognition, all financial liabilities other than fair valued through profit and loss are recognised initially at fair value less transaction costs that are attributable to the issue of financial liability. Transaction costs of financial liability carried at fair value through profit or loss is expensed in profit or loss. However, borrowings, which is likely to be assigned or negotiated are initially measured at fair value through
profit and loss account. Other borrowings are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fee or costs that are an integral part of the Effective rate of interest (EIR). The EIR amortisation is included in finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Trade and other payables
A payable is classified as ’trade payable’ if it is in respect of the amount due on account of goods purchased or services received in the normal course of business. These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
3.10 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs specifically relating to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized (net of income on temporarily deployment of funds) as part of the cost of such assets. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
For general borrowing used for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization is determined by applying a capitalization rate to the expenditures on that asset. The capitalization rate is the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing costs capitalized during a period does not exceed the amount of borrowing cost incurred during that period.
All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.
3.11 Taxation
Income tax expense represents the sum of current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity or other comprehensive income, in such cases the tax is also recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. Any subsequent change in direct tax on items initially recognised in equity or other comprehensive income is also recognised in equity or other comprehensive income, such change could be for change in tax rate.
Current tax provision is computed for Income calculated after considering allowances and exemptions under the provisions of the applicable Income Tax Laws. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are off set, and presented as net.
Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Balance sheet and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and are accounted for using the liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences, and deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward tax losses and allowances to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences, carry forward tax losses and allowances can be utilised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the applicable tax rates.
Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are off set, and presented as net.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.
3.12 Revenue recognition and Other income Sale of Goods
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the
customer. Generally, control is transferred upon shipment of goods to the customer or when the goods is made available to the customer, provided transfer of title to the customer occurs and the Company has not retained any significant risks of ownership or future obligations with respect to the goods shipped. Revenue is recognized at the fair value of consideration received or receivable and represents the net invoice value of goods supplied to third parties after deducting discounts, volume rebates and amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example taxes and duties collected on behalf of the government) are recognized either on delivery or on transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods as per IND AS 115.
Consideration is generally due upon satisfaction of performance obligations and a receivable is recognised when it becomes unconditional.
The Company is generally the principal as it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer. Revenue is inclusive of Material returned/ rejected is accounted for in the year of return/ rejection.
The Company does not adjust short-term advances received from the customer for the effects of significant financing component if it is expected at the contract inception that the promised good or service will be transferred to the customer within a period of one year.
Revenue from rendering of services is recognised over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of performance obligations at the reporting period.
Interest
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
3.13 Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the extent that they
were entitled to participate in dividends relative to a fully paid equity share during the reporting year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares, if any.
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