Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
2.1. Statement of compliance:
The financial statements have been prepared as a going concern in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other relevant provisions of the Act.
2.2. Accounting Policies:
The financial statements have been prepared and presented in accordance with Ind AS under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies mentioned below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange of goods or services. The Company complies with the Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, to the extent applicable and directions prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India. The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees.
2.3. Use of estimates and judgments:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses for the years presented. Actual results may differ from the estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed at each balance sheet date. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods affected.
2.4. Revenue Recognition:
The applicability of Ind AS 115, Revenue Recognition provides for a single model of accounting revenue from contracts with customers based on the identification and satisfaction of performance obligations.
Income and expenditure are accounted for on accrual basis, wherever ascertainable.
Dividend are recognised only when the right to receive is established Interest Income is recognised as and when they become accrued.
2.5. Trade receivables:
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost less provision for impairment, if any.
2.6. Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and Cash equivalents includes cash on hand, cheques and drafts in hand, balances with bank and deposits held at call with financial institutions. These do not include bank balances earmarked / restricted for specific purposes.
2.7. Investments and other financial assets:
(i) Classification
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
• those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and
• those measured at amortised cost.
The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in profit or loss or other comprehensive income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income. The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.
(ii) Measurement
Financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets (other than financial assets at fair value through profit or loss) are added to financial assets, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
-Debt Instruments
Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company’s business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the group classifies its debt instruments: Amortised cost:
Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other gain or loss using the effective interest rate method.
Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI):
Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income FVOCI. Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses and interest revenue are recognised in profit and loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss and recognised under other income. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other gain or loss using the effective interest rate method.
Fair value through profit or loss (FVPL):
Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in profit or loss and presented in the statement of profit and loss under other gain or loss in the period in which it arises. Interest or dividend income, if any from these financial assets is separately included in other gain or loss.
The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the Company’s management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss. Dividends from such investments continue to be recognised in profit or loss as other income when the Company’s right to receive payments is established. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.
Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in other gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss.
-Equity Investments (in subsidiaries)
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any.
(iii) Derecognition
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.
If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.
Derivative financial instruments
The Company did not have any long-term contracts including derivative contracts for which there were any material foreseeable losses.
2.8. Financial liabilities
Classification: Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Initial Recognition and Measurement: Financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial liabilities are initially measured at the amortised cost unless at initial recognition, they are classified as fair value through profit and loss.
Derecognition: A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.
2.9. Property, plant and equipment:
Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation. The cost of fixed assets comprises of purchase price and all other attributable costs of bringing the assets to working condition for intended use. Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Transition to Ind-AS
On transition to IND AS, the company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognised as at April 1, 2018 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.
2.10. Depreciation:
On fixed assets, depreciation is provided on written down Value method. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, are considered as minimum rates.
Leasehold Land is not depreciated or amortized.
2.11. Trade and other payables:
These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial period which are unpaid. They are recognised at their fair value.
2.12. Impairment of non-financial assets
At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if any. When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in the statement of Profit and Loss.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the statement of Profit and Loss.
2.13. Employee benefits:
(i) Short-term employee benefits:
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits. These benefits include salary, wages and bonus. The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised during the period of rendering of service by the employee.
(ii) Post-employment benefits:
Defined contribution plans
The Company has defined contribution plans for post-employment benefits namely Provident Fund which are recognised by the income tax authorities. The Company contributes to a Government administered provident fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution. The Company makes contributions to state plans namely Employee’s State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them. The Company’s contributions to the above funds are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss every year.
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