We have audited the standalone financial statements of Tata Motors Limited (formerly TML Commercial Vehicles Limited) (the "Company") and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) which comprise the standalone balance sheet as at 31 March 2026, and the standalone statement of profit and loss (including other comprehensive income), standalone statement of changes in equity and standalone statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the standalone financial statements, including material accounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalone financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 ("Act") in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at 31 March 2026, and its profit and other comprehensive loss, changes in equity and its cash flows for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs) specified under Section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those SAs are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the standalone financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on the standalone financial statements.
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
Accounting for transfer of Commercial Vehicles Business pursuant to the Composite Scheme of Arrangement
See Note 50 to the standalone financial statements
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The key audit matter
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How the matter was addressed in our audit
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During the current year, Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles Limited (formerly Tata Motors Limited) ("TMPVL" or the "Demerged Company") transferred its Commercial Vehicles Business ("Demerged Undertaking") to Tata Motors Limited (formerly TML Commercial Vehicles Limited) ("TML" or the "Company") pursuant to a Composite Scheme of Arrangement amongst TMPVL, the Company and Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles Limited ('the Scheme').
The Scheme was approved by the Hon'ble National Company Law Tribunal ("NCLT"), Mumbai Bench, vide its order dated 25 August 2025. The appointed date of the Scheme is 1 July 2025 and the effective date is 1 October 2025.
In accordance with Appendix C to Ind AS 103 - Business Combinations and the accounting treatment prescribed in the Scheme, the Company has recorded all assets and liabilities (including the related components of other equity) pertaining to the Demerged Undertaking at their respective carrying amounts as appearing in the books of account of the Demerged Company with effect from the appointed date. Consequently, the Company has restated its previous period financial statements from 1 July 2024 to recognize the effect of the above business combination.
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In view of the significance of the matter, we applied the following
audit procedures in this area :
• Obtained an understanding of the key terms and conditions of the Scheme and the final order passed by the Hon'ble NCLT.
• Evaluated the design and implementation and tested the operating effectiveness of controls relating to identification, recording and disclosures of assets, liabilities and related equity balances of Demerged Undertaking according to the accounting treatment mentioned in the Scheme.
• Obtained and evaluated the Company's assessment of the accounting, tax and disclosure requirements applicable to the transfer of the Demerged Undertaking, including the opinion obtained from the Company's tax advisors, and assessed the competence and objectivity of management's expert.
• Examined the Company's calculations of the financial information relating to the Demerged Undertaking, as extracted from the underlying financial statements of the
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The key audit matter
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How the matter was addressed in our audit
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The transfer of the Demerged Undertaking has a significant impact on the measurement and disclosures in the Company's standalone financial statements. The accounting involves identification of assets, liabilities and related equity balances transferred under the Scheme, which requires certain judgements and assumptions, and ensuring appropriate disclosures in accordance with the applicable Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS).
Given the unusual and non routine nature of the transaction and its significance to the standalone financial statements of the Company, we have identified the accounting for the transfer of the Demerged Undertaking as a key audit matter.
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Demerged Company, and agreed the assets, liabilities and related equity balances recorded in the Company's books of account with such information. Evaluated the reasonableness of the judgements and assumptions used by the Company in the identification of assets, liabilities and related equity balances transferred under the Scheme.
• Assessed that the accounting treatment applied to the transfer of the Demerged Undertaking is consistent with the accounting treatment specified in the Scheme.
• Evaluated the adequacy of disclosures made in the stand alone financial statements with respect to accounting of Scheme in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Ind AS.
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Provision for Warranty
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See Note 27 to the standalone financial statements
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The key audit matter
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How the matter was addressed in our audit
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The Company incurs a liability for warranty contracts on new vehicle sales, in terms of which it is obligated to provide repair services for manufacturing defects over the contractual warranty period. As detailed in note 27 of the standalone financial statements, as at 31 March 2026, the Company has warranty provisions of H3,153 crores.
The Company records a warranty provision which involves complexity, judgement and significant level of uncertainty. The computation of the provision considers the historical actual claims data and the recent data trends to estimate the expected payments for vehicles sold in respective years. Such expected payments are adjusted for any cost savings expected from various ongoing quality initiatives. There is an inherent uncertainty related to future events which may not mirror past experience. The likelihood of risk of material misstatement has further increased due to increasing warranty spend in the year which has diverged from provision levels.
We determined provision for product warranty as a key audit matter due to high estimation uncertainty and involvement of significant judgement.
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In view of the significance of the matter we applied the following
audit procedures in this area -
• Evaluated the design and implementation and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to computation and approval of the warranty provisions. This included evaluation of assumptions related to expected warranty cost per vehicle and future events related to expected cost savings underlying the warranty provision calculation.
• Evaluated any changes made to the provision policy and computation model.
• Assessed and challenged the assumptions and recomputed the inputs used in warranty provision computations.
• Identified and tested the completeness and accuracy of underlying information used in computation of provision with the assistance of our Information technology specialists.
• Tested actualization of estimated warranty provision using statistical sampling.
• Performed retrospective assessment of provision by comparing estimated and actual payments against warranty claims.
• Performed sensitivity analysis to assess the reasonableness of management's assumptions underlying the estimation of anticipated warranty payments; and
• Evaluated the adequacy of disclosures relating to the estimation of Product warranty provisions.
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Other Information
The Company's Management and Board of Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, but does not include the financial statements and auditor's report thereon. The annual report is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does not cover the other information and we will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above when it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the standalone financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
When we read the annnual report, if we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to communicate the matter to those charged with governance and take necessary actions, as applicable under the relevant laws and regulations.
Management's and Board of Directors' Responsibilities for the Standalone Financial Statements
The Company's Management and Board of Directors are responsible for the matters stated in Section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation of these standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view of the state of affairs, profit/ loss and other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under Section 133 of the Act. The respective Management and Board of Directors of the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) are responsible for maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities;selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements, the respective Management and Board of Directors are responsible for assessing the ability of each company to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the respective Board of Directors either intends to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
The respective Board of Directors are responsible for overseeing the financial reporting process of each company.
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the standalone financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these standalone financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the standalone financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under Section 143(3)
(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the Management and Board of Directors.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of the Management and Board of Directors use of the going concern basis of accounting in preparation of standalone financial statements and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the standalone financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the standalone financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the standalone financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance of the Company and such other entities included in the standalone financial statements of which we are the independent auditors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Other Matter
Corresponding figures (which includes financial position and financial performance of commercial vehicles business transferred to the Company pursuant to the Scheme) as at and for the period ended 31 March 2025 included in these standalone financial statements have not been audited.
Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 ("the Order") issued by the Central Government of India in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we give in the "Annexure A" a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2 A. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit.
b. In our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from our examination of those books except for the matters stated in the paragraph 2(B)(f) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
c. The standalone balance sheet, the standalone statement of profit and loss (including other comprehensive income), the standalone statement of changes in equity and the standalone statement of cash flows dealt with by this Report are in agreement with the books of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financial statements comply with the Ind AS specified under Section 133 of the Act.
e. On the basis of the written representations received from the directors of the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) on 1 April 2026 and 9 April 2026 taken on record by the respective Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on 31 March 2026 from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164(2) of the Act.
f. the modification relating to the maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therewith are as stated in the paragraph 2(A) (b) above on reporting under Section 143(3) (b) of the Act and paragraph 2B(f) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
g. With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to financial statements of the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) incorporated in India and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate Report in "Annexure B".
B. With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
a. The Company has disclosed the impact of pending litigations as at 31 March 2026 on its financial position in its standalone financial statements - Refer Note 39 to the standalone financial statements.
b. The Company did not have any long-term contracts including derivative contracts for which there were any material foreseeable losses.
c. There were no amounts which were required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company or its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) incorporated in India.
d (i) The respective management of the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) incorporated in India whose financial statements has been audited under the Act has represented to us that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, other than as disclosed in the Note 49 (IV) to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Intermediaries"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(ii) The respective management of the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) incorporated in India whose financial statements has been audited under the Act has represented to us that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in the Note 49 (V) to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been received by the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) shall directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Parties ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(iii) Based on the audit procedures that have been considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations under sub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), as provided under (i) and (ii) above, contain any material misstatement.
e. As stated in Note 21(B)(g) to the standalone financial statements, the Board of Directors of the Company has proposed final dividend for the year which is subject to the approval of the members at the ensuing Annual General Meeting. The dividend declared is in accordance with Section 123 of the Act to the extent it applies to declaration of dividend.
The interim dividend declared and paid by the joint operation during the year is in accordance with Section 123 of the Act.
f. Based on our examination which included test checks, except for the instances mentioned below, the Company and its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) have used accounting softwares for maintaining its books of account which, along with privilege access management tool, wherever applicable, have a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the respective softwares:
i. In respect of the Company, the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility was enabled at the database level to log any direct data changes for the accounting software used for maintaining general ledger on 4th October 2025, post migration to a new software from 1st October 2025.
ii. In respect of the Company, the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility was not enabled at the database level to log any direct data changes for the accounting softwares used for maintaining price master, variable marketing expenses and time records for product development cost.
iii. In respect of the Company, in the absence of coverage of audit trail (edit log) with respect to database level in the independent auditor's report in relation to controls at the service organization for accounting software used for preparation of financial statements, which is operated
by third party software service provider, we are unable to comment whether the audit trail feature of the database level of the said software was enabled and operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software.
iv. In respect of the joint operation (including its subsidiary company), for the accounting software used for maintaining the books of account relating to general ledger, the audit trail feature (edit log) facility was not enabled in respect of direct create action at the database level from 1 April 2025 to 18 June 2025.
Further, where audit trail (edit log) facility was enabled, for the period of its operation and use, we did not come across any instance of the audit trail feature being tampered with.
Further, this being the first year of business operations of the Company, pursuant to the Scheme, statutory record retention requirements of audit trail of previous years is not applicable.
Additionally, in respect of the Joint operation (including its subsidiary company), where audit trail (edit log) facility was enabled and operated in the previous year, the audit trail has been preserved by the joint operation (including its subsidiary company) as per the statutory requirements for record retention.
C. With respect to the matter to be included in the Auditor's Report under Section 197(16) of the Act:
In our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to us, the remuneration paid by the Company to its directors during the current year is in accordance with the provisions of Section 197 of the Act. The remuneration paid to any director by the Company is not in excess of the limit laid down under Section 197 of the Act. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has not prescribed other details under Section 197(16) of the Act which are required to be commented upon by us.
Further, with respect to the joint operation (including its subsidiary company) included in the standalone financial statements, in our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to us, the provisions of Section 197 of the Act are not applicable to the joint operation (including its subsidiary company) incorporated in India since it is not a public company.
For B S R & Co. LLP
Chartered Accountants Firm's Registration No.:101248W/W-100022
Vijay Mathur
Partner
Place: Mumbai Membership No.: 046476
Date: 13 May 2026 ICAI UDIN:26046476OVOSMX6625
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