Footnotes:
a) Disclosures relating to fair valuation of investment property
Fair value of the above investment property as at March 31,2022 is ' 259.74 crore (2021: 273.39 crore) based on external valuation.
Fair Value Hierarchy
The fair value of investment property has been determined by external independent registered valuers as defined under rule 2 of Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation) Rules, 2017, having appropriate recognised professional qualification and recent experience in the location and category of the property being valued.
The fair value measurement for all of the investment property has been categorised as a level 3 fair value based on the inputs to the valuation techniques used.
Description of valuation technique used
The Company obtains independent valuations of its investment property after every three years. The fair value of the investment property have been derived using the Direct Comparison Method. The direct comparison approach involves a comparison of the investment property to similar properties that have actually been sold in arms-length distance from investment property or are offered for sale in the same region. This approach demonstrates what buyers have historically been willing to pay (and sellers willing to accept) for similar properties in an open and competitive market, and is particularly useful in estimating the value of the land and properties that are typically traded on a unit basis. This approach leads to a reasonable estimation of the prevailing price. Given that the comparable instances are located in close proximity to the investment property; these instances have been assessed for their locational comparative advantages and disadvantages while arriving at the indicative price assessment for investment property.
b) The Company has not earned any material rental income on the above properties.
7(b). Goodwill
Goodwill of ' 45.53 crore (2021: ' 45.53 crore) relates to the precipitated silica business. The estimated value in use of the CGU is based on future Cash Flows of forecasted period of 20 years and discount rate of 13%, which consider the operating and macro-economic environment in which the entity operates.
An analysis of the sensitivity of the change in key parameters (operating margin, discount rates and long term average growth rate), based on reasonably probable assumptions, did not result in any probable scenario in which the recoverable amount of the CGU would decrease below the carrying amount.
(ii) Terms/ rights attached to equity shares
The Company has issued one class of ordinary shares at par value of ' 10 per share. Each shareholder is eligible for one vote per share held. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting except in the case of interim dividend. In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential accounts, in proportion to their shareholding.
Nature of provisions:
1) Provision for asset retirement obligation includes provision towards site restoration expense and decomissioning charges. The timing of the outflows is expected to be within a period of one to thirty years from the date of balance sheet.
2) Provision for litigations and others represents management's best estimate of outflow of economic resources in respect of water charges, entry tax, land revenue and other disputed items including direct taxes, indirect taxes and other claims. The timing of outflows is uncertain and will depend on the cessation of the respective cases.
Footnote:
The Indian Parliament has approved the Code on Social Security, 2020 which would impact the contributions by the Company towards Provident Fund and Gratuity. The Ministry of Labour and Employment has released draft rules for the Code on Social Security, 2020 on November 13, 2020, and has invited suggestions from stakeholders which are under active consideration by the Ministry. The Company will assess the impact and its evaluation once the subject rules are notified and will give appropriate impact in its financial statements in the period in which, the Code becomes effective and the related rules to determine the financial impact are published.
31. Discontinued operations
Exceptional gain from discontinued operations for the year ended March 31,2022 is in respect of subsidy for previous years pertaining to the erstwhile fertilizer business, which is received in the current period from the transferor pursuant to the Business transfer agreement.
Expenses relating to short-term leases and low value assets have been disclosed under rent in note 29(e).
The incremental borrowing rate of 8.00% p.a. to 9.00% p.a. (2021: 8.00% p.a. to 9.50% p.a.) has been applied to lease liabilities recognised
in the Standalone Balance Sheet.
34. Employee benefits obligations
(a) The Company makes contributions towards provident fund, in substance a defined benefit retirement plan and towards pension fund and superannuation fund which are defined contribution retirement plans for qualifying employees. The provident fund is administered by the Trustees of the Tata Chemicals Limited Provident Fund and the superannuation fund is administered by the Trustees of the Tata Chemicals Limited Superannuation Fund. The Company is liable to pay to the provident fund to the extent of the amount contributed and any shortfall in the fund assets based on Government specified minimum rates of return relating to current services. The Company recognises such contribution and shortfall if any as an expense in the year incurred.
On account of the above contribution plans, a sum of ' 9.79 crore (2021: ' 10.11 crore) has been charged to the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
(b) The Company makes annual contributions to the Tata Chemicals Employees' Gratuity Trust and to the Employees' Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme of the Life Insurance Corporation of India, for funding the defined benefit plans for qualifying employees. The scheme provides for lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or death while in employment or on termination of employment. Employees, upon completion of the vesting period, are entitled to a benefit equivalent to either half month, three fourth month and full month salary last drawn for each completed year of service depending upon the completed years of continuous service in case of retirement or death while in employment. In case of termination, the benefit is equivalent to fifteen days salary last drawn for each completed year of service in line with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service.
The trustees of the trust fund are responsible for the overall governance of the plan and to act in accordance with the provisions of the trust deed and rules in the best interests of the plan participants. They are tasked with periodic reviews of the solvency of the fund and play a role in the long-term investment, risk management and funding strategy.
The Company also provides post retirement medical benefits to eligible employees under which employees at Mithapur who have retired from service of the Company are entitled for free medical facility at the Company hospital during their lifetime. Other employees are entitled to domiciliary treatment exceeding the entitled limits for the treatments covered under the Health Insurance Scheme upto slabs defined in the scheme. The floater mediclaim policy also covers retired employees based on eligibility, for such benefit.
The Company provides pension, housing / house rent allowance and medical benefits to retired Managing and Executive Directors who have completed ten years of continuous service in Tata Group and three years of continuous service as Managing Director/ Executive Director or five years of continuous service as Managing Director/Executive Director. The directors are entitled upto seventy five percent of last drawn salary for life and on death 50% of the pension is payable to the spouse for the rest of his/her life.
Family benefit scheme is applicable to all permanent employees in management, officers and workmen who have completed one year of continuous service. In case of untimely death of the employee, nominated beneficiary is entitled to an amount equal to the last drawn salary (Basic Salary, DA and FDA) till the normal retirement date of the deceased employee.
The most recent actuarial valuations of plan assets and the present values of the defined benefit obligations were carried out at March 31,2022. The present value of the defined benefit obligations and the related current service cost and past service cost, were measured using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
(a) Discount rate is based on the prevailing market yields of Indian Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations.
(b) The estimates of future salary increases considered in actuarial valuation take into account the inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors.
Providend Fund
The Company operates Provident Fund Schemes and the contributions are made to recognised funds maintained by the Company. The Company is required to offer a defined benefit interest rate guarantee on provident fund balances of employees. The interest rate guarantee is payable to the employees for the year when the exempt fund declares a return on provident fund investments which is less than the rate declared by the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC) on the provident fund corpus for their own subscribers. The Actuary has provided a valuation for provident fund liabilities on the basis of guidance issued by Actuarial Society of India and based on the below provided assumptions, shortfall between plan assets as the end of the year and the present value of funded obligation has been recognised in the Standalone Balance Sheet and Other Comprehensive Income.
The defined benefit scheme is administered by a fund that is legally separated from the Company. Responsibility for governance of the scheme lies with the board of trustees. The board of trustees must be composed of representatives of the Company and scheme participants in accordance with the scheme rules and on timely basis, the board of trustees reviews the level of funding for the scheme as required by legislation. Such a review includes the asset-liabilities matching strategy and investment risk management policy and is used to determine the schedule of contributions payable by and agreed with the Company.
(b) Information about geographical areas
The Company sells its products mainly within India where the conditions prevailing are uniform. Since the sales outside India are below threshold limit, no separate geographical segment disclosure is considered necessary.
All non-current assets in the nature of property, plant and equipment (including capital work in progress) and intangible assets (including those under development) are domiciled in india.
(d) Revenue from major customers
The Company has one customer whose revenue represents 31% (2021: 33%) of the Company's total revenue and trade receivable represents 33% (2021: 28%) of the Company's total trade receivables.
(e) Other note
Segment revenue, results, assets and liabilities include the respective amounts identifiable to each of the segments and amounts allocated on a reasonable basis.
(b) Fair value hierarchy
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
(d) Valuation technique to determine fair value
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of financial instruments:
(i) The management assessed that fair value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, trade payables, bank overdrafts and other current financial assets and liabilities approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
(ii) The fair values of the equity investment which are quoted, are derived from quoted market prices in active markets. The Investments measured at fair value (FVTOCI) and falling under fair value hierarchy Level 3 are valued on the basis of valuation reports provided by external valuers with the exception of certain investments, where cost has been considered as an appropriate estimate of fair value because of a wide range of possible fair value measurements and cost represents the best estimate of fair values within that range.
The Company considers Comparable Companies Method (CCM) method and the illiquidity discount based on its assessment of the judgement that market participants would apply for measurement of fair value of unquoted investments. In the CCM method, the Company would find comparable listed entities in the market and use the same PE multiple (ranging from 6.70 to 19.88) for determining the fair value of the investment.
(iii) The fair values of investments in mutual fund units is based on the net asset value ('NAV') as stated by the issuers of these mutual fund units in the published statements as at Balance Sheet date. NAV represents the price at which the issuer will issue further units of mutual fund and the price at which issuers will redeem such units from the investors.
(iv) The Company enters into derivative financial instruments with various counterparties, principally banks. The fair value of derivative financial instruments is based on observable market inputs including currency spot and forward rate, yield curves, currency volatility, credit quality of counterparties, interest rate and forward rate curves of the underlying instruments etc. and use of appropriate valuation models.
(v) The fair value of non-current borrowings carrying floating-rate of interest is not impacted due to interest rate changes, and will not be significantly different from their carrying amounts as there is no significant change in the under-lying credit risk of the Company (since the date of inception of the loans).
(e) Financial risk management objectives
The Company is exposed to market risk (including currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's risk management strategies focus on the un-predictability of these elements and seek to minimise the potential adverse effects on its financial performance. The Company's senior management which is supported by a Treasury Risk Management Group ('TRMG') manages these risks. TRMG advises on financial risks and the appropriate financial risk governance framework for the Company and provides assurance to the Company's senior management that the Company's financial risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Company's policies and risk objectives.
All hedging activities are carried out by specialist teams that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision. The Company's policy is not to trade in derivatives for speculative purposes.
Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future Cash Flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk, such as equity price risk and commodity risk. The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equity price fluctuations, liquidity and other market changes. Financial instruments affected by market risk include loans and borrowings, deposits, investments, forex receivable, forex payables and derivative financial instruments.
Foreign currency risk management
Foreign exchange risk arises on future commercial transactions and on all recognised monetary assets and liabilities, which are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company. The Company's management has set a policy wherein exposure is identified, a benchmark is set and monitored closely, and accordingly suitable hedges are undertaken. The policy also includes mandatory initial hedging requirements for exposure above a threshold.
The Company's foreign currency exposure arises mainly from foreign exchange imports, exports and foreign currency borrowings, primarily with respect to USD.
Based on the movements in the foreign exchange rates historically and the prevailing market conditions as at the reporting date, the Company's Management has concluded that the above mentioned rates used for sensitivity are reasonable benchmarks.
Interest rate risk management
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future Cash Flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market rates relates primarily to the Company's non-current debt obligations with floating interest rates.
The Company's policy is generally to undertake non-current borrowings using facilities that carry floating-interest rate. The Company manages its interest rate risk by entering into interest rate swaps, in which it agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and variable rate interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount.
Moreover, the short-term borrowings of the Company do not have a significant fair value or cash flow interest rate risk due to their short tenure.
As the Company does not have exposure to any floating-interest bearing assets, or any significant long-term fixed-interest bearing assets, its interest income and related cash inflows are not affected by changes in market interest rates.
Interest rate sensitivity
No sensitivity analysis is prepared as the Company does not expect any material effect on the Company's results arising from the effects of reasonably possible changes to interest rates on interest bearing financial instruments at the end of the reporting period.
Equity price risk management
The Company's exposure to equity price risk arises from investment held by the Company and classified as FVTOCI. In general, these investments are strategic investments and are not held for trading purposes. Reports on the equity portfolio are submitted to the Company's senior management on a regular basis.
Equity price sensitivity analysis
If prices of quoted equity securities had been 5% higher / (lower), the OCI for the year ended March 31,2022 and 2021 would increase / (decrease) by ' 217.74 crore and ' 131.71 crore respectively.
Credit risk management
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities, primarily trade and other receivables and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions, investment in mutual funds, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments.
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure, being the total of the carrying amount of balances with banks, short term deposits with banks, short term investment, trade and other receivables and other financial assets excluding equity investments.
The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when:
- the debtor is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse actions such as security realizations, etc.
- the financial asset is 120 days past due.
The financial guarantee disclosed under note 41.1 (b) represents the maximum exposure to credit risk under such contracts.
Trade and other receivables
Trade and other receivables of the Company are typically unsecured and derived from sales made to a large number of independent customers. Customer credit risk is managed by each business unit subject to established policies, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk management. Before accepting new customer, the Company has appropriate level of control procedures to assess the potential customer's credit quality. The credit-worthiness of its customers are reviewed based on their financial position, past experience and other relevant factors. The credit period provided by the Company to its customers generally ranges from 0-60 days. Outstanding customer receivables are reviewed periodically. Provision is made based on expected credit loss method or specific identification method.
The credit risk related to the trade receivables is mitigated by taking security deposits / bank guarantee / letter of credit - as and where considered necessary, setting appropriate credit terms and by setting and monitoring internal limits on exposure to individual customers.
There is no substantial concentration of credit risk as the revenue and trade receivables from any of the single customer do not exceed 10% of Company revenue and trade receivables, except as disclosed in note 35.1.
For certain other receivables, where recoveries are expected beyond twelve months of the balance sheet date, the time value of money is appropriately considered in determining the carrying amount of such receivables.
Financial instruments and cash deposits
Credit risk from balances/investments with banks and financial institutions is managed in accordance with the Company's treasury risk management policy. Investments of surplus funds are made only with approved counterparties and within limits assigned to each counterparty. The limits are assigned based on corpus of investable surplus and corpus of the investment avenue. The limits are set to minimize the concentration of risks and therefore mitigate financial loss through counterparty's potential failure to make payments.
Financial guarantees
Financial guarantees disclosed in note 41.1(b) have been provided as corporate guarantees to financial institutions and banks that have extended credit facilities to the Company's subsidiaries. In this regard, the Company does not foresee any significant credit risk exposure.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. The objective of liquidity risk management is to maintain sufficient liquidity and ensure that funds are available for use as and when required.
The Treasury Risk Management Policy includes an appropriate liquidity risk management framework for the management of the short-term, medium-term and long term funding and cash management requirements. The Company manages the liquidity risk by maintaining adequate cash reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, by continuously monitoring forecast and actual Cash Flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. The Company invests its surplus funds in bank fixed deposit and liquid schemes of mutual funds, which carry no/negligible mark to market risks.
The below table analyses the Company's non-derivative financial liabilities as at the reporting date, into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period (as at that date) to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the below table are the contractual undiscounted Cash Flows.
38. Capital management
The capital structure of the Company consists of net debt and total equity of the Company. The Company manages its capital to ensure that the Company will be able to continue as going concern while maximising the return to stakeholders through an optimum mix of debt and equity within the overall capital structure. The Company's risk management committee reviews the capital structure of the Company considering the cost of capital and the risks associated with each class of capital.
The Company monitors capital using the metric of Net Debt to Equity. Net Debt is defined as borrowings less cash and cash equivalents, fixed deposits and readily redeemable investments. As on balance sheet date there is no net debt.
(b) Guarantees provided by the Company to third parties on behalf of subsidiaries aggregates USD 34.20 million & GBP 120.00 million (' 1,452.67 crore) (2021: USD 91.80 million & GBP 105.60 million (' 1,735.10 crore)).
** The Company has on-going disputes with income tax authorities mainly pertaining to disallowance of expenses and the computation of, or eligibility of the Company's availment of certain tax incentives or allowances. Most of these disputes and/or disallowances are repetitive in nature spanning across multiple years. All the Tax demands are being contested by the Company.
@ Excise Duty cases include disputes pertaining to reversal of input tax credit on common input, refund of duty paid under protest. Custom Duty cases include disputes pertaining to import of capital equipment against scripts, tariff classification issues, denial of FTA benefit. VAT/CST/Entry Tax cases include disputes pertaining to Way Bill, reversal/disallowance of input tax credit, pending declaration forms. All the Tax demands are being contested by the Company.
It is not practicable for the Company to estimate the timings of cash outflows, if any, in respect of the above pending resolution of the respective proceedings as it is determinable only on receipt of judgments / decisions pending with various forums/authorities.
The Company has reviewed all its pending litigations and proceedings and has adequately provided for where provisions are required and disclosed as contingent liabilities where applicable, in the Standalone Financial Statements.
42(b). Note on Ultimate Beneficiaries
No funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Intermediaries") with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries).
The Company has not received any fund from any party(s) (Funding Party) with the understanding that the Company shall whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified by or on behalf of the Company ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
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